Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Three genes have been identified that cause the less common early-onset, familial cases of the disease: the amyloid precursor (APP) protein gene on chromosome 21, the ...
Pharmacogenomics is the study of interindividual genetic variability, which plays a significant role in defining drug response and toxicity. As research has graduated from studying single candidate genes to whole-genome scans, pharmacogenomics is ...
Behavioral and psychotic disturbances are common symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders, and can lead to caregiver stress, nursing home placement and mortality. There is an expanding literature evaluating the effects of atypical antipsychotic (AA) drugs ...
Cognitive dysfunction accompanying depression has been considered to be separate from dementia and, thus, has been termed pseudodementia, with the presumption that it will disappear once the depressed mood remits. On the other hand, depression accompanied ...
The recent identification of TAR-DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) as the major component of the pathologic inclusions characteristic to sporadic and familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U), as well as most ...
Vascular risk factors are involved in the causation of both vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which together account for up to 80% of all dementias. Asymptomatic spontaneous cerebral emboli (SCE) have been shown to predict future risk ...
Primary progressive aphasia is defined as an insidious, gradual impairment of language function, which is not accompanied by other cognitive disorders for at least 2 years after onset, and which can be due to a number of neurodegenerative disorders, such ...
Context and Objective: The atypical antipsychotic risperidone is widely used to treat delusions, aggression and agitation in people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementia. In view of some clinical trials of atypical antipsychotics not showing ...
Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cognitive symptoms, functional impairment and behavioral problems at mild, moderate and severe stages of the disease. ...
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by repetitive breathing interruptions during sleep. These interruptions often lead to snoring, poor quality and fragmented sleep with arousals and desaturations. Daytime manifestations include feeling ...
Recent work has indicated that obesity increases the risk of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and neurodegenerative processes in the brain. Given the current epidemic of obesity and the expected age-related increase in dementia incidence,...
Mild cognitive impairment is a syndrome characterized by significant cognitive deficits in the absence of dementia. Persons with mild cognitive impairment have a high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. However, opinion on whether ...
Evaluation of: McMahon JA, Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Knight RG, Mann JI, Williams SM: A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 2764–2772 (2006)[1]. To test the hypothesis that lowering plasma homocysteine ...
The following review provides a brief synopsis of the existing literature on poststroke dementia. This includes a summary regarding poststroke dementia prevalence, incidence, and commonly identified risk factors. Factors contributing to differing reports, ...
Memantine is a moderate-affinity glutamate antagonist that primarily takes action at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor site. It has US FDA and European Medicines Agency approval for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease. Memantine ...
Identifying ways to prevent Alzheimer’s disease is becoming increasingly critical in our aging population. Antioxidant vitamins hold promise for lowering the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline in older persons. In animal models and cell ...
Delirium and dementia are syndromes with multiple cognitive impairments common to the elderly and to medically ill patients. While strides have been made in recognition of both delirium and dementia, underdiagnosis is common. Delirium and dementia cause ...
Clinical trials performed in patients defined as affected by vascular dementia have so far achieved unsatisfactory results. Recently, preliminary results have been published demonstrating a generally stable performance in cognitive tasks, with a slightly ...
This review addresses the impact of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the brain. We show that there is convincing evidence that Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and dementia. The structural basis for these cognitive ...
Donepezil hydrochloride is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In 2006, the US FDA approved donepezil for the treatment of severe AD. Consequently, donepezil became the first drug approved for the ...