We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×
Skip main navigation
Aging Health
Bioelectronics in Medicine
Biomarkers in Medicine
Breast Cancer Management
CNS Oncology
Colorectal Cancer
Concussion
Epigenomics
Future Cardiology
Future Medicine AI
Future Microbiology
Future Neurology
Future Oncology
Future Rare Diseases
Future Virology
Hepatic Oncology
HIV Therapy
Immunotherapy
International Journal of Endocrine Oncology
International Journal of Hematologic Oncology
Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine
Lung Cancer Management
Melanoma Management
Nanomedicine
Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Pain Management
Pediatric Health
Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics
Regenerative Medicine

Looking for the Achilles heel of atheromatosis: could it be immunotherapy?

    Konstantinos S Mylonas

    *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +30 698 702 4653;

    E-mail Address: ksmylonas@gmail.com

    First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    ,
    Dimitrios Iliopoulos

    Fourth Department of Cardiac Surgery, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece

    ,
    Nikolaos Nikiteas

    Second Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    &
    Dimitrios Schizas

    First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/imt-2021-0015
    Free first page

    References

    • 1. Papoutsis K, Kapelouzou A, Georgiopoulos G et al. Tissue-specific relaxin-2 is differentially associated with the presence/size of an arterial aneurysm and the severity of atherosclerotic disease in humans. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. doi:10.1038/s41401-019-0350-5 (2020) (Epub ahead of print).
    • 2. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T et al. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 377(12), 1119–1131 (2017).
    • 3. Ridker PM, Macfadyen JG, Everett BM, Libby P, Thuren T, Glynn RJ. Relationship of C-reactive protein reduction to cardiovascular event reduction following treatment with canakinumab: a secondary analysis from the CANTOS randomised controlled trial. Lancet 391(10118), 319–328 (2018).
    • 4. Ridker PM, Macfadyen JG, Glynn RJ et al. Inhibition of interleukin-1beta by canakinumab and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 71(21), 2405–2414 (2018).
    • 5. Ravelli RB, Gigant B, Curmi PA et al. Insight into tubulin regulation from a complex with colchicine and a stathmin-like domain. Nature 428(6979), 198–202 (2004).
    • 6. Nidorf SM, Eikelboom JW, Budgeon CA, Thompson PL. Low-dose colchicine for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 61(4), 404–410 (2013).
    • 7. Tardif JC, Kouz S, Waters DD et al. Efficacy and safety of low-dose colchicine after myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 381(26), 2497–2505 (2019).
    • 8. Fuster JJ, Maclauchlan S, Zuriaga MA et al. Clonal hematopoiesis associated with TET2 deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis development in mice. Science 355(6327), 842–847 (2017).
    • 9. Mallat Z, Corbaz A, Scoazec A et al. Expression of interleukin-18 in human atherosclerotic plaques and relation to plaque instability. Circulation 104(14), 1598–1603 (2001).
    • 10. Jain MK, Ridker PM. Anti-inflammatory effects of statins: clinical evidence and basic mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 4(12), 977–987 (2005).
    • 11. Ii M, Losordo DW. Statins and the endothelium. Vascul. Pharmacol. 46(1), 1–9 (2007).
    • 12. Paul-Clark MJ, Van Cao T, Moradi-Bidhendi N, Cooper D, Gilroy DW. 15-epi-lipoxin A4-mediated induction of nitric oxide explains how aspirin inhibits acute inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 200(1), 69–78 (2004).
    • 13. De Haro J, Bleda S, Laime IV, Carballido B, Uyaguari J, Acin F. Aspirin-dependent platelet inflammatory inhibition in healthy subjects decreases NLRP-1 inflammasome. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 59, 244–247 (2019).
    • 14. Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N. Engl. J. Med. 336(14), 973–979 (1997).
    • 15. Thomas MR, Storey RF. Effect of P2Y12 inhibitors on inflammation and immunity. Thromb. Haemost. 114(3), 490–497 (2015).
    • 16. Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N. Engl. J. Med. 361(11), 1045–1057 (2009).
    • 17. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Pradhan A et al. Low-dose methotrexate for the prevention of atherosclerotic events. N. Engl. J. Med. 380(8), 752–762 (2019).
    • 18. Tardif JC, Mcmurray JJ, Klug E et al. Effects of succinobucol (AGI-1067) after an acute coronary syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 371(9626), 1761–1768 (2008).
    • 19. Nicholls SJ, Kastelein JJ, Schwartz GG et al. Varespladib and cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome: the VISTA-16 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 311(3), 252–262 (2014).
    • 20. O'donoghue ML, Braunwald E, White HD et al. Effect of darapladib on major coronary events after an acute coronary syndrome: the SOLID-TIMI 52 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312(10), 1006–1015 (2014).
    • 21. Tardif JC, Tanguay JF, Wright SR et al. Effects of the P-selectin antagonist inclacumab on myocardial damage after percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results of the SELECT-ACS trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 61(20), 2048–2055 (2013).
    • 22. Abbate A, Van Tassell BW, Biondi-Zoccai G et al. Effects of interleukin-1 blockade with anakinra on adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction [from the Virginia Commonwealth University-Anakinra Remodeling Trial (2) (VCU-ART2) pilot study]. Am. J. Cardiol. 111(10), 1394–1400 (2013).
    • 23. El Sayed H, Kerensky R, Stecher M, Mohanty P, Davies M. A randomized Phase II study of Xilonix, a targeted therapy against interleukin 1alpha, for the prevention of superficial femoral artery restenosis after percutaneous revascularization. J. Vasc. Surg. 63(1), 133–141.e1 (2016).
    • 24. Gaztanaga J, Farkouh M, Rudd JH et al. A Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of VIA-2291, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, on vascular inflammation in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis 240(1), 53–60 (2015).
    • 25. O'donoghue ML, Glaser R, Cavender MA et al. Effect of losmapimod on cardiovascular outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 315(15), 1591–1599 (2016).