Aims: Nevirapine is widely used to treat HIV-1 infection to prevent mother-to-child transmission; unfortunately adverse drug reactions have been reported. Our aim was to identify genes/variants involved in nevirapine-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials & methods: Patients from Mozambique, 78 with nevirapine-induced hepatotoxicity and 78 without adverse events, were genotyped for ABCB1, CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 gene variants. We conducted a case–control association study and a genotype/phenotype correlation analysis. Results: The ABCB1 c.3435C>T SNP was associated with hepatotoxicity (p = 0.038), with the variant T allele showing a protective effect (odds ratio: 0.42). Moreover, four SNPs in the CYP2B6 and CYP3A5 genes resulted significantly correlated with transaminase values. In particular, for the CYP2B6 c.983T>C SNP, the difference in the alanine aminotransferase mean values were highly significant between TT and TC genotypes (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our preliminary results confirm the contribution of the ABCB1 c.3435C>T SNP in nevirapine-induced hepatotoxicity risk and, at the same time, suggest the necessity for further studies.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest ▪▪ of considerable interest

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Vol. 11, No. 1

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Published online 18 December 2009

Published in print January 2010

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The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

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Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate insti-tutional review board approval or have followed the princi-ples outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investi-gations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.

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