Review

† Author for correspondence

Center for Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Email the corresponding author at tteshima@cancer.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Biopathological Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine & Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan

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Katsutoshi Ozaki

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329–0498, Japan

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Published Online:14 Jul 2011https://doi.org/10.2217/imt.11.51

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Abstract

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is mediated by donor-derived T cells. On activation with alloantigens expressed on host antigen-presenting cells, naive CD4⁺ T cells differentiate into T-helper cell subsets of effector T cells expressing distinct sets of transcriptional factors and cytokines. Classically, acute GvHD was suggested to be predominantly related to Th1 responses. However, we now face a completely different and complex scenario involving possible roles of newly identified Th17 cells as well as Tregs in GvHD. Accumulating data from experimental and clinical studies suggest that the fine balance between Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs after transplantation may be an important determinant of the severity, manifestation and tissue distribution of GvHD. Understanding the dynamic process of reciprocal differentiation of regulatory and T-helper cell subsets as well as their interactions will be important in establishing novel strategies for preventing and treating GvHD.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest ▪▪ of considerable interest

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Published online 14 July 2011

Published in print July 2011

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The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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Regulatory T cells and IL-17-producing cells in graft-versus-host disease

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