Gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest •• of considerable interest

Bibliography

• 1  Bruijnzeel KC, Ortolani C, Aas K et al.: Adverse reactions to food. European academy of allergology and clinical immunology subcommittee. Allergy50,623–635 (1995).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 2  Sampson HA: Food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.111(2 Suppl.),S540–S547 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 3  Sampson HA: Update on food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.113(5),805–819 (2004).•• Excellent review article describing the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and management of food allergy.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 4  Sicherer SH, Teuber S: The Adverse Reactions to Food Committee. Current approach to the diagnosis and management of adverse reactions to food. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.114,1146–1150 (2004).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 5  Sicherer SH: Clinical aspects of gastrointestinal food allergy in childhood. Pediatrics111(6 Pt 3),1609–1616 (2003).•• Excellent review article focusing on the various gastrointestinal disorders of food allergy according to the child age.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 6  Heine RG: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of food protein-induced gastrointestinal diseases. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.4(3),221–229 (2004).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 7  Sicherer SH: Food allergy. Lancet360(9334),701–710 (2002).•• Excellent review that provides a general scheme for the diagnosis of food allergy.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 8  Almot PL, Kemeny DM, Zachary C, Parkes P, Lessof MH: Oral allergy syndrome (OAS): symptoms of Ig-E mediated hypersensitivity to food. Clin. Allergy17(1),33–42 (1987).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 9  Sicherer SH, Sampson HA: Food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.117(2 Suppl.),S470–S475 (2006).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 10  Assa’ad AH: Gastrointestinal food allergy and intolerance. Pediatr. Ann.35(10),718–726 (2006).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 11  Ortolani C, Ispano M, Pastorello EA, Ansaloni R, Magri GC: Comparison of results of skin prick tests (with fresh foods and commercial food extracts) and RAST in 100 patients with oral allergy syndrome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.83(3),683–690 (1989).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 12  Pratt CA, Demain JG, Rathkopf MM: Food allergy and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: guiding our diagnosis and treatment. Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care.38(6),170–188 (2008).• Comprehensive review article with interesting cases’ presentations of eosinophilic disorders with brief discussions of the management.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 13  Liacouras CA: Eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am.37(4),989–998 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 14  Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH et al.: Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology133(4),1342–1363 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 15  Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL et al.: 14 years of eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical features and prognosis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.48(1),30–36 (2009).• Largest study that demonstrates the clinical experience of eosinophilic esophagitis in 620 cases.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 16  Rothenberg ME: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.113(1),11–28 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 17  Matsushita M, Hajiro K, Morita Y, Takakuwa H, Suzaki T: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis involving the entire digestive tract. Am. J. Gastroenterol.90(10),1868–1870 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 18  Uenishi T, Sakata C, Tanaka S et al.: Eosinophilic enteritis presenting as acute intestinal obstruction: a case report and review of the literature. Dig. Surg.20(4),326–329 (2003).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 19  Siahanidou T, Mandyla H, Dimitriadis D, Van-Vliet C, Anagnostakis D: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis complicated with perforation and intussusception in a neonate. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.32(3),335–337 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 20  Tran D, Salloum L, Tshibaka C, Moser R: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking acute appendicitis. Am. Surg.66(10),990–992 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 21  Spergel JM, Beausoleil JL, Mascarenhas M, Liacouras CA: The use of skin prick tests and patch tests to identify causative foods in eosinophilic esophagitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.109(2),363–368 (2002).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 22  Liacouras CA, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E et al.: Eosinophilic esophagitis: a 10-year experience in 381 children. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.3(12),1198–1206 (2005).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 23  Sicherer SH, Eigenmann PA, Sampson HA: Clinical features of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. J. Pediatr.133(2),214–219 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 24  Lake AM: Food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.30(Suppl.),S58–S60 (2000).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 25  Benlounes N, Candalh C, Matarazzo P, Dupont C, Heyman M: The time-course of milk antigen-induced TNF-α secretion differs according to the clinical symptoms in children with cow’s milk allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.104(4 Pt 1),863–869 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 26  Sicherer SH: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: case presentations and management lessons. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.115(1),149–156 (2005).• Provides key points for the differentiation between food protein-induced enterocolitis and allergic gastrointestinal disorders in infancy.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 27  Gupta SK: Is colic a gastrointestinal disorder? Curr. Opin. Pediatr.14(5),588–592 (2002).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 28  Heine RG: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, colic and constipation in infants with food allergy. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.6(3),220–225 (2006).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 29  Lucassen PL, Assendelft WJ, van Eijk JT et al.: Systematic review of the occurrence of infantile colic in the community. Arch. Dis. Child.84(5),398–403 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 30  Hill DJ, Hosking CS: Infantile colic and food hypersensitivity. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.30(Suppl.),S67–S76 (2000).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 31  Hill DJ, Roy N, Heine RG et al.: Effect of a low-allergen maternal diet on colic among breastfed infants: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics116(5),E709–E715 (2005).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 32  Castro-Rodríguez JA, Stern DA, Halonen M et al.: Relation between infantile colic and asthma/atopy: a prospective study in an unselected population. Pediatrics108(4),878–882 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 33  Savino F: focus on infantile colic. Acta Paediatr.96(9),1259–1264 (2007).
  Google Scholar
• 34  Sampson HA: Food allergy. Part 2: diagnosis and management. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.103(6),981–989 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 35  Lack G: Clinical practice. Food allergy. N. Engl. J. Med.359(12),1252–1260 (2008).• Addresses the recent data regarding the natural history of food allergy and cross-reactivity between common food allergies, short- and long-term management and new treatments of food allergies.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 36  Knight AK, Bahna SL: Diagnosis of food allergy. Pediatr. Ann.35(10),709–714 (2006).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 37  Berni Canani R, Ruotolo S, Discepolo V, Troncone R: The diagnosis of food allergy in children. Curr. Opin. Pediatr.20(5),584–589 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 38  Ramesh S: Food allergy overview in children. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol.34(2),217–230 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 39  Bahna SL: Food challenge procedure: optimal choices for clinical practice. Allergy Asthma Proc.28(6),640–646 (2007).• Presents a practical guideline for the appropriate choice of open and/or double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge in clinical practice.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 40  De Boissieu D, Waguet JC, Dupont C: The atopy patch tests for detection of cow’s milk allergy with digestive symptoms. J. Pediatr.142(2),203–205 (2003).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 41  Berni Canani R, Ruotolo S, Auricchio L et al.: Diagnostic accuracy of the atopy patch test in children with food allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Allergy62(7),738–743 (2007).• Case study on 60 children demonstrating that diagnostic accuracy of atopy patch in cow’ milk allergy and hen’s egg allergy was better when using fresh food than commercial extracts.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 42  Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn T, Beausoleil JL, Shuker M, Liacouras CA: Predictive values for skin prick test and atopy patch test for eosinophilic esophagitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.119(2),509–511 (2007).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 43  Mabin DC: A practical guide to diagnosing food intolerance. Curr. Pediatr.6,231–236 (1996).
  Google Scholar
• 44  Bischoff S, Crowe SE: Food allergy and the gastrointestinal tract. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.20(2),156–161 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 45  Gonsalves N, Policarpio-Nicolas M, Zhang Q, Rao MS, Hirano I: Histopathologic variability and endoscopic correlates in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest. Endosc.64(3),313–319 (2006).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 46  Vandenplas Y, Koletzko S, Isolauri E et al.: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk protein allergy in infants. Arch. Dis. Child.92(10),02–08 (2007).
  Google Scholar
• 47  de Boissieu D, Dupont C: Allergy to extensively hydrolyzed cow’s milk proteins in infants: safety and duration of amino acid-based formula. J. Pediatr.141(2),271–273 (2002).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 48  Spergel JM, Andrews T, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL, Liacouras CA: Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with specific food elimination diet directed by a combination of skin prick and patch tests. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.95(4),336–343 (2005).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 49  Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S et al.: Effect of six-food elimination diet on clinical and histologic outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.4(9),1097–1102 (2006).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 50  Niggemann B, Rolinck-Werninghaus C, Mehl A, Binder C, Ziegert M, Beyer K: Controlled oral food challenges in children – when indicated, when superfluous? Allergy60(7),865–870 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 51  Niggemann B, Beyer K: Pitfalls in double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenges. Allergy62(7),729–732 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 52  Venter C, Pereira B, Voigt K et al.: Comparison of open and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges in diagnosis of food hypersensitivity amongst children. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet.20(6),565–579 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 53  Caffarelli C, Petroccione T: False-negative food challenges in children with suspected food allergy. Lancet358(9296),1871–1872 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 54  Konikoff MR, Noel RJ, Blanchard C et al.: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of fluticasone propionate for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology131,1381–1391 (2006).• First randomized, placebo-controlled trial in treatment of children with eosinophilic esophagitis. A total of 50% of patients improved on medical therapy compared with 9% of patients receiving placebo.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 55  Schwartz DA, Pardi DS, Murray JA: Use of montelukast as steroid-sparing agent for recurrent eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Dig. Dis. Sci.46(8),1787–1790 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 56  Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Allergy and Immunology: Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics121(1),183–191 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 57  Sicherer SH, Burks AW: Maternal and infant diets for prevention of allergic diseases: understanding menu changes in 2008. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.122(1),29–33 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 58  Du Toit G, Katz YK, Sasieni P et al.: Early consumption of peanuts in infancy is associated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2009) (In press).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 59  Fox AT, Sasieni P, du Toit G, Syed H, Lack G: Household peanut consumption as a risk factor for the development of peanut allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.123(2),417–423 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 60  Burks AW: Early peanut consumption: postpone or promote? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.123(2),424–425 (2009).• Brief letter on the new concept of induction of peanut allergy by low-dose environmental exposure to peanut in early infancy.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 61  Hourihane JO, Roberts SA, Warner JO: Resolution of peanut allergy: case–control study. BMJ316(7140),1271–1275 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 62  Spergel JM, Beausoleil JL, Pawlowski NA: Resolution of childhood peanut allergy. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.85(6 Pt 1),473–476 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 63  Skolnick HS, Conover-Walker MK, Koerner CB, Sampson HA, Burks W, Wood RA: The natural history of peanut allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.107(2),367–374 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 64  Shreffler WG, Beyer K, Chu TH, Burks AW, Sampson HA: Micro-array immunoassay: association of clinical history, in vitro IgE function, and heterogeneity of allergenic peanut epitopes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.114(1),127–130 (2004).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar