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ABCC3 and OCT1 genotypes influence pharmacokinetics of morphine in children

    Raja Venkatasubramanian

    Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA

    Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    ,
    Tsuyoshi Fukuda

    Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    ,
    Jing Niu

    Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA

    Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    ,
    Tomoyuki Mizuno

    Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    ,
    Vidya Chidambaran

    Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA

    Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    ,
    Alexander A Vinks

    Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    &
    Senthilkumar Sadhasivam

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: senthilkumar.sadhasivam@cchmc.org

    Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA

    Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs.14.99

    Aim: Large interindividual variability in morphine pharmacokinetics could contribute to variability in morphine analgesia and adverse events. Methods: Influence of weight, genetic polymorphisms, race and sex on morphine clearance and metabolite formation from 220 children undergoing outpatient adenotonsillectomy was studied. A nonlinear mixed effects model was developed in NONMEM to describe morphine and morphine glucuronide pharmacokinetics. Results: Children with ABCC3 -211C>T polymorphism C/C genotype had significantly higher levels of morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide formation (∼40%) than C/T+T/T genotypes (p < 0.05). In this extended cohort similar to our earlier report, OCT1 homozygous genotypes (n = 13, OCT1*2–*5/*2–*5) had lower morphine clearance (14%; p = 0.06), and in addition complementing lower metabolite formation (∼39%) was observed. ABCB1 3435C>T TT genotype children had lower levels of morphine-3-glucuronide formation though no effect was observed on morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide pharmacokinetics. Conclusion: Our data suggest that besides bodyweight, OCT1 and ABCC3 genotypes play a significant role in the pharmacokinetics of intravenous morphine and its metabolites in children.

    Original submitted 12 April 2014; Revision submitted 20 June 2014

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: •• of considerable interest

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