Research Article

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

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Nadia R Ayat

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

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Ulrich Commandeur

Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany

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Ramamurthy Gopalkrishnan

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

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Ann-Marie Broome

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, Current address: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA

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Kristen W Lozada

Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

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Ruth A Keri

Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

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Nicole F Steinmetz

* Author for correspondence

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

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Email the corresponding author at nicole.steinmetz@case.edu

Published Online:20 Feb 2014https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.13.75

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Abstract

Aim: Nanoparticles based on plant viruses are emerging biomaterials for medical applications such as drug delivery and imaging. Their regular structures can undergo genetic and chemical modifications to carry large payloads of cargos, as well as targeting ligands. Of several such platforms under development, only few have been characterized in vivo. We recently introduced the filamentous plant virus, potato virus X (PVX), as a new platform. PVX presents with a unique nanoarchitecture and is difficult to synthesize chemically. Methods: Here, we present a detailed analysis of PVX biodistribution and clearance in healthy mice and mouse tumor xenograft models using a combination of ex vivo whole-organ imaging, quantitative fluorescence assays and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results & conclusion: While up to 30% of the PVX signal was from the colon, mammary and brain tumor tissues, remaining particles were cleared by the reticuloendothelial system organs (the spleen and liver), followed by slower processing and clearance through the kidneys and bile.

Original submitted 7 November 2012; Revised submitted 19 January 2013; Published online 9 July 2013

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest ▪▪ of considerable interest

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Published online 20 February 2014

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank A Levine (Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA) for helpful discussions regarding potato virus X biodistribution and biomarker colocalization, and SC Alexander for assistance with the tissue culture.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This work was supported by grants from the NIH/NIBIB (P30 EB011317 to NF Steinmetz, T32 EB007509 to AM Wen and K01 EB006910-01A1 to AM Broome), NIH/NCI (Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Pilot Grant P30 CA043703 to NF Steinmetz and RA Keri), Mount Sinai Foundation (to NF Steinmetz), CWRU Start-up Funds (to NF Steinmetz), and Ohio Cancer Research Associates (to NF Steinmetz). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

R Twyman (www.writescience.com) is thanked for editing the manuscript. This was supported by the CWRU Start-up Funds to NF Steinmetz.

Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.

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Biodistribution and clearance of a filamentous plant virus in healthy and tumor-bearing mice

Abstract

References