Abstract
Nanomedicines have been investigated for delivering drugs to tumors due to their ability to accumulate in the tumor tissues. 2D in vitro cell culture has been used to investigate the antitumoral potential of nanomedicines. However, a 2D model cannot adequately mimic the in vivo tissue conditions because of the lack of cell–cell interaction, a gradient of nutrients and the expression of genes. To overcome this limitation, 3D cell culture models have emerged as promising platforms that better replicate the complexity of native tumors. For this purpose, different techniques can be used to produce 3D models, including scaffold-free, scaffold-based and microfluidic-based models. This review addresses the principles, advantages and limitations of these culture methods for evaluating the antitumoral efficacy of nanomedicines.
Tweetable abstract
3D cell culture has emerged to replicate more effectively the complexity of native tumors than the 2D model traditionally used. Different 3D cell culture approaches have been developed and studied, with promising results in the nanotechnology of cancer.
Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest
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