Research Article

Development of upconversion nanoparticle-conjugated indium phosphide quantum dot for matrix metalloproteinase-2 cancer transformation sensing

Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan

CAS Key Laboratory of Design & Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, & Fujian Key Laboratory of Nano-materials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China

†Ming-Hsien Chan is now working at the Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica. This research was his past Ph.D. research at the National Taiwan University.

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Chen-Yu Lai‡

Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan

†Ming-Hsien Chan is now working at the Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica. This research was his past Ph.D. research at the National Taiwan University.

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Yung-Chieh Chan

Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan

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Michael Hsiao

*Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: mhsiao@gate.sinica.edu.tw

Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan

Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan

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Ren-Jei Chung

**Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: rjchung@ntut.edu.tw

Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan

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Xueyuan Chen

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Ru-Shi Liu

***Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: rsliu@ntu.edu.tw

Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan

Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan

Department of Mechanical Engineering & Graduate, Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan

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Published Online:15 Jul 2019https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0524

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Abstract

Aim: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) plays an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling, that is, it increases significantly during cancer progression. In this regard, MMP2 monitoring is important. Experiment: A well-designed MMP2-sensitive polypeptide chain was used to link indium phosphide quantum dots (InP QDs) with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to form a nanocomposite that was utilized as biosensor. Results: We produced a biosensor that can be recognized by MMP2 and determined the presence or absence of MMP2 in cells by identifying difference in fluorescence wavelength. The InP QDs modified the arginylglycylaspartic acid molecules as targeting ligand based on chitosan. Conclusion: The MMP2-based biosensor, named UCNP-p@InP-cRGD, is sensitive and can be applied for biosensing probes.

Graphical abstract

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest.

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Vol. 14, No. 14

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History

Received 31 December 2018

Accepted 2 April 2019

Published online 15 July 2019

Published in print July 2019

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Keywords

Authors’ contributions

All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. M-H Chan, C-Y Lai and R-S Liu designed and performed the experiments and co-wrote the manuscript. Y-C Chan, M Hsiao, R-J Chung, X Chen and R-S Liu discussed the data, and developed the theoretical aspect.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank CY Chien of the Precious Instrument Center (National Taiwan University) for the assistance in TEM experiments, and LW Lo and SC Hsu of Academia Sinica for their help with confocal microscopy.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Contract No. MOST 107-2113-M-002-008-MY3) to Ru-Shi Liu. The Academia Sinica (Contract No. AS-SUMMIT-108) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (NBA10755007-00) to Michael Hsiao for financially supporting this research. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Writing assistance was provided by KG Support Limited and was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Contract No. MOST 107-2113-M-002-008-MY3).

Ethical disclosure

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all animal experimental investigations. Animal works were done at Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, according to a protocol approved by Academia Sinica Institutional Animal Care and Utilization Committee (IACUC no. 16-05-957).

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