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Association between human Epstein–Barr virus and brain cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Saied Ghorbani

    Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Vahid Tambrchi

    Department of Microbiology of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golesatn, Iran

    ,
    Rana Farzi

    Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran

    ,
    Alireza Khatami

    Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Rahil Nahid Samiei

    Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Hassan Saadati

    Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

    ,
    Maryam Noori

    Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Arash Letafati

    Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Atefeh Bahavar

    Department of Microbiology of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golesatn, Iran

    ,
    Noorin Hezarpishe

    Department of Genetics, School of Advance Sciences & Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Mehrshid Musavioun

    Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Zand University, Shiraz, Iran

    ,
    Bahareh Mirzaei

    Faculty of Modern Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Mohadeseh Sadat Meftagh

    Department of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Najme Khodaei Doust

    Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, School of Genetic Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Fars, Iran

    ,
    Fatemeh Hejami

    Islamic Azad University of Borujerd, Lorestan, Iran

    &
    Seyed Jalal Kiani

    *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +98 021 8860 2205;

    E-mail Address: kiani.j@iums.ac.ir

    Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0219

    Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the pooled prevalence and potential correlation between Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and brain cancers. Materials & methods: We searched for relevant studies in main databases and analyzed the heterogeneity, odds ratio and corresponding 95% CI among all studies using STATA software V.14. Results: Fourteen articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of EBV among brain cancer patients was 9% (95% CI: 3–16%; I2 = 91.06%). An association was found between EBV and brain cancer (OR: 6.90 [95% CI: 1.81–26.28]; I2 = 0%]). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a significant association between EBV infection and brain cancer, suggesting EBV infection is a potential risk factor for brain cancer development.

    Plain language summary

    Brain cancer is one of the less common cancers worldwide. Infectious agents, especially viruses, have been considered as potential role players in the development of brain cancer. Although some investigations suggest an association between the EBV and brain cancer, the involvement of this virus as a risk factor remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and any possible association between EBV and brain cancer through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Our result showed, the pooled prevalence of EBV among brain cancer patients was 9% and EBV infection was associated with an increased risk of brain cancer. The results of this meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of EBV infection in brain tissue and also provided strong evidence that EBV infection was associated with an increased risk of brain cancer.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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