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Brain injury after cranial radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for brain metastases in lung cancer: a retrospective study

    Jiatong Li

    Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China

    ,
    Wanhu Li

    Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China

    ,
    Shuhui Xu

    Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China

    &
    Hui Zhu

    *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +86 0531 6762 7082;

    E-mail Address: drzhuh@126.com

    Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2023-0207

    Aim: To explore whether immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) increase the incidence of radiation-induced brain injury in lung cancer patients with brain metastases. Methods: According to whether they received ICIs within 6 months before and after cranial radiotherapy (CRT), all patients were divided into two groups: ICIs + CRT group and CRT + non-ICIs group. Results: The incidence of radiation necrosis (RN) in the CRT + ICIs group was 14.3%, while that in the CRT + non-ICIs group was 5.8% (p = 0.090). If ICIs were used within 3 months of CRT, there was statistical significance. A maximum diameter of brain metastasis >3.3 cm and cumulative radiation dose of metastatic lesions >75.7 Gy were risk factors for RN. Conclusion: ICIs could increase the risk of RN, especially when used within 3 months of CRT.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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