We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×
Skip main navigation
Open Drawer MenuClose Drawer Menu
Aging Health
Bioelectronics in Medicine
Biomarkers in Medicine
Breast Cancer Management
CNS Oncology
Colorectal Cancer
Concussion
Epigenomics
Future Cardiology
Future Medicine AI
Future Microbiology
Future Neurology
Future Oncology
Future Rare Diseases
Future Virology
Hepatic Oncology
HIV Therapy
Immunotherapy
International Journal of Endocrine Oncology
International Journal of Hematologic Oncology
Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine
Lung Cancer Management
Melanoma Management
Nanomedicine
Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Pain Management
Pediatric Health
Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics
Regenerative Medicine
Research Article

Local management of preinvasive and clinical T1-3 penile cancer: utilization of diverse treatment modalities

    Hari Menon‡

    University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA

    ‡Authors contributed equally

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Roshal R Patel‡

    Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA

    Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA

    ‡Authors contributed equally

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Ethan B Ludmir

    Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Vinayak Muralidhar

    Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Taylor R Cushman

    University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Arya Amini

    Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Steven N Seyedin

    Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Paul L Nguyen

    Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA

    Search for more papers by this author

    &
    Vivek Verma

    *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +412 359 3400; Fax: +402 359 3171;

    E-mail Address: vivek333@gmail.com

    Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA

    Search for more papers by this author

    Published Online:17 Apr 2020https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2020-0067

    Abstract

    Aim: To explore management trends in preinvasive and cT1–T3 penile cancer. Materials & methods: The National Cancer Database was queried (2004–2013) for cT1–T3 M0 penile cancer with specified nonpalliative surgical techniques and histologies (n = 5,728). Results: Local excision (39%) and partial penectomy (38%) were most commonly utilized. Patients with cTis/Ta or cT1 disease more often received nonpenectomy approaches (p < 0.05); cT2–T3 cases more likely underwent penectomy (p < 0.001). No survival differences were observed between penectomy (49.3 months) and nonpenectomy approaches (50.3 months) in the overall cohort (p = 0.107) and when stratifying by T-stage (p > 0.20 for all). Conclusion: This study provides contemporary insight into the landscape for management of this rare disease and can serve as a benchmark for future evaluation of treatment trends.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest;

    References

    • 1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J. Clin. 68(1), 7–30 (2018).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 2. Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Maldonado JL, Pow-Sang J, Guiliano AR. Incidence trends in primary malignant penile cancer. Urol. Oncol. 25(5), 361–367 (2007).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 3. Bleeker MCG, Heideman DaM, Snijders PJF, Horenblas S, Dillner J, Meijer CJLM. Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. World J. Urol. 27(2), 141 (2008).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 4. Daling JR, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG et al. Penile cancer: importance of circumcision, human papillomavirus and smoking in in situ and invasive disease. Int. J. Cancer 116(4), 606–616 (2005).
      Medline CASGoogle Scholar
    • 5. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: penile cancer v1.2019 (2019). www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/penile.pdf.
      Google Scholar
    • 6. Lont AP, Gallee MPW, Meinhardt W, Van Tinteren H, Horenblas S. Penis conserving treatment for T1 and T2 penile carcinoma: clinical implications of a local recurrence. J. Urol. 176(2), 575–580 (2006).
      Medline CASGoogle Scholar
    • 7. Feldman AS, McDougal WS. Long-term outcome of excisional organ sparing surgery for carcinoma of the penis. J. Urol. 186(4), 1303–1307 (2011).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 8. Veeratterapillay R, Sahadevan K, Aluru P, Asterling S, Rao GS, Greene D. Organ-preserving surgery for penile cancer: description of techniques and surgical outcomes. BJU Int. 110(11), 1792–1795 (2012).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 9. Schroeder TL, Sengelmann RD. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 46(4), 545–548 (2002).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 10. Choi JW, Choi M, Cho KH. A case of erythroplasia of queyrat treated with imiquimod 5% cream and excision. Ann. Dermatol. 21(4), 419–422 (2009).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 11. Frimberger D, Hungerhuber E, Zaak D, Waidelich R, Hofstetter A, Schneede P. Penile carcinoma. is Nd:YAG laser therapy radical enough? J. Urol. 168(6), 2418–2421 (2002).
      Medline CASGoogle Scholar
    • 12. Bissada NK, Yakout HH, Fahmy WE et al. Multi-institutional long-term experience with conservative surgery for invasive penile carcinoma. J. Urol. 169(2), 500–502 (2003). • Early study demonstrating the potential for organ preservation surgery.
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 13. Bilimoria KY, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, Ko CY. The National Cancer Data Base: a powerful initiative to improve cancer care in the United States. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 15(3), 683–690 (2008).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 14. Joshi SS, Handorf E, Strauss D et al. Treatment trends and outcomes for patients with lymph node-positive cancer of the penis. JAMA Oncol. 4(5), 643–649 (2018).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 15. Campbell RA, Slopnick EA, Ferry EK, Zhu H, Kim SP, Abouassaly R. Disparity between pre-existing management of penile cancer and NCCN guidelines. Urol. Oncol. 35(8), 531.e539–531.e514 (2017). • Study highlighting discrepancies in management of patients with clinically identifiably lymph nodes.
      Google Scholar
    • 16. Minhas S, Kayes O, Hegarty P, Kumar P, Freeman A, Ralph D. What surgical resection margins are required to achieve oncological control in men with primary penile cancer? BJU Int. 96(7), 1040–1043 (2005).
      MedlineGoogle Scholar