Preoperative high c-reactive protein/albumin ratio is a poor prognostic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract
Aim: To explore whether c-reactive protein/albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio is a poor prognostic factor for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Patients & methods: Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the optimal cut-off value of CRP/Alb ratio in 240 patients with OSCC. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to plot the overall survival and disease-free survival curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to implement univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Preoperative high CRP/Alb ratio was associated with age, advanced stage, lymphatic metastasis, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (all p < 0.05). Elevated CRP/Alb ratio independently predicts worse overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with OSCC. Conclusion: Preoperative high CRP/Alb ratio was a poor independent prognostic marker of OSCC.
Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest
References
- 1. Epigenetic therapy regulates the expression of ALDH1 and immunologic response: relevance to the prognosis of oral cancer. Oral. Oncol. 73, 88–96 (2017).
- 2. . Oral cavity carcinoma: current management, controversies, and future directions. J. Clin. Oncol. 33, 3269–3276 (2015). • A systematic introduction of the current management, controversies and future directions of oral cancer.
- 3. . State-of-the-art management of locally advanced head and neck cancer. Br. J. Cancer 92, 1341–1348 (2005).
- 4. . New approaches to EGFR inhibition for locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Med. Oncol. 29, 2481–2491 (2012).
- 5. . NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 18, 309–324 (2018). •• The relationship between inflammation and cancer was first described in this literature.
- 6. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in intensity modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 9, 9992–10004 (2018).
- 7. Pretreatment inflammatory indexes as prognostic predictors for survival in colorectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Sci. Rep. 8, 3044 (2018).
- 8. C-reactive protein/albumin ratio predicts 90-day mortality of septic patients. PLoS ONE 8, e59321 (2013).
- 9. Prognostic significance of the preoperative ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in gastric cancer patients. World J. Surg. 42, 1819–1825 (2018).
- 10. The prognostic value of the preoperative c-reactive protein/albumin ratio in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 17, 285 (2017).
- 11. Prognostic value of the CRP/Alb ratio, a novel inflammation-based score in pancreatic cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 24, 561–568 (2017).
- 12. C-reactive protein and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review of prospective studies. Int. J. Cancer 123, 1133–1140 (2008).
- 13. Clinical significances of preoperative serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein level in operable gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 9, 155 (2009).
- 14. Preoperative circulating C-reactive protein levels predict pathological aggressiveness in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective clinical study. Clin. Otolaryngol. 36, 147–153 (2011).
- 15. Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels predict decreased survival for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era. PLoS ONE 10, e0122965 (2015).
- 16. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein as biomarker for survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 140, 515–519 (2014).
- 17. . Association between an inflammatory-nutritional index and nutritional status in cancer patients. Nutr. Hosp. 28, 188–193 (2013).
- 18. . Serum and salivary levels of albumin as diagnostic tools for oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy. Biotech. Histochem. 89, 8–13 (2014).
- 19. . Systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients undergoing curative resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 53, 126–131 (2015).
- 20. The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, a validated prognostic score, predicts outcome of surgical renal cell carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 17, 171 (2017).
- 21. Prognostic value of the CRP/Alb ratio, a novel inflammation-based score in pancreatic cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 24, 561–568 (2017).
- 22. Targeted therapy in head and neck cancer: an update on current clinical developments in epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy and immunotherapies. Drugs 77, 843–857 (2017).