Polyphenols and their nanoformulations as potential antibiofilm agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

References

• 1. Ovais M, Zia N, Khalil AT, Ayaz M, Khalil A, Ahmad I. Nanoantibiotics: recent developments and future prospects. Front. Clin. Drug Res. Anti. Infect. 5, 158–182 (2019). •• Authors presentthe concept of nano-antibiotics. Compared with conventional antibiotics, they are a safe and effective alternative approach with better pharmacokinetics and dynamics profiles.
  Google Scholar
• 2. Hutchings MI, Truman AW, Wilkinson B. Antibiotics: past, present and future. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 51, 72–80 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 3. van de Sande-Bruinsma N, Wong DLF. WHO European strategic action plan on antibiotic resistance: how to preserve antibiotics. J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 9(03), 127–134 (2014).
  Google Scholar
• 4. Sydnor ER, Perl TM. Hospital epidemiology and infection control in acute-care settings. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 24(1), 141–173 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 5. Frieden T. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. Centers Dis. Control Prev. 114, 11–89 (2013).
  Google Scholar
• 6. Matsunaga N, Hayakawa K. Estimating the impact of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Glob. Health 6(9), e934–e935 (2018). •• Highlights global estimates, the WHO's efforts and a global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 7. Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol. Spectr. 4(2), 15 (2016).
  Google Scholar
• 8. Costerton JW, Stewart PS. Biofilms and device-related infections. In: Persistent Bacterial Infections. Nataro JPBlaser MJCunningham-Rundles S (Eds). ASM Press, WA, USA, 423–439 (2000).
  Google Scholar
• 9. Asma ST, Imre K, Morar A et al. Natural strategies as potential weapons against bacterial biofilms. Life 12(10), 1618 (2022).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 10. Singh PK, Schaefer AL, Parsek MR, Moninger TO, Welsh MJ, Greenberg E. Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic fibrosis lungs are infected with bacterial biofilms. Nature 407(6805), 762–764 (2000). •• An important work that analyzed the role of biofilm in resistance to antibiotic therapy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients with cystic fibrosis lungs.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 11. Hoiby N, Fomsgaard A, Jensen ET et al. The Immune Response to Bacterial Biofilms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1995).
  Google Scholar
• 12. Ceri H, Olson ME, Stremick C, Read R, Morck D, Buret A. The Calgary Biofilm Device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37(6), 1771–1776 (1999). • Authors devised a new technology for rapid susceptibility analysis of microbial strains to antibiotics and biofilms. This may help researchers in the rational selection of antibiotics against biofilm-forming bacteria and for screening of new antimicrobial compounds.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 13. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Agr-mediated dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. PLoS Pathog. 4(4), e1000052 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 14. Yong YY, Dykes GA, Choo WS. Biofilm formation by staphylococci in health-related environments and recent reports on their control using natural compounds. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 45(2), 201–222 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 15. da Silva Trentin D, Giordani RB, Zimmer KR et al. Potential of medicinal plants from the Brazilian semi-arid region (Caatinga) against Staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. J. Ethnopharmacol. 137(1), 327–335 (2011).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 16. Jakobsen TH, van Gennip M, Phipps RK et al. Ajoene, a sulfur-rich molecule from garlic, inhibits genes controlled by quorum sensing. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56(5), 2314–2325 (2012).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 17. Jakobsen TH, Warming AN, Vejborg RM et al. A broad range quorum sensing inhibitor working through sRNA inhibition. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1–12 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 18. Xu Z, Zhang H, Yu H et al. Allicin inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by suppressing the rhl and pqs quorum-sensing systems. Can. J. Microbiol. 65(8), 563–574 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 19. Tapia-Rodriguez MR, Bernal-Mercado AT, Gutierrez-Pacheco MM et al. Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to carvacrol: alterations of the quorum sensing at enzymatic and gene levels. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 13(4), 531–537 (2019).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 20. Yan X, Gu S, Shi Y, Cui X, Wen S, Ge J. The effect of emodin on Staphylococcus aureus strains in planktonic form and biofilm formation in vitro. Arch. Microbiol. 199(9), 1267–1275 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 21. Janeczko M, Masłyk M, Kubiński K, Golczyk H. Emodin, a natural inhibitor of protein kinase CK2, suppresses growth, hyphal development, and biofilm formation of Candida albicans. Yeast 34(6), 253–265 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 22. Xiang H, Cao F, Ming D et al. Aloe-emodin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and extracellular protein production at the initial adhesion stage of biofilm development. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 101(17), 6671–6681 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 23. Zhou J-W, Luo H-Z, Jiang H, Jian T-K, Chen Z-Q, Jia A-Q. Hordenine: a novel quorum sensing inhibitor and antibiofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Agric. Food Chem. 66(7), 1620–1628 (2018).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 24. Shehabeldine AM, Ashour RM, Okba MM, Saber FR. Callistemon citrinus bioactive metabolites as new inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. J. Ethnopharmacol. 254, 112669 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 25. Das MC, Sandhu P, Gupta P et al. Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by vitexin: a combinatorial study with azithromycin and gentamicin. Sci. Rep. 6(1), 1–13 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 26. Srinivasan R, Devi KR, Kannappan A, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. Piper betle and its bioactive metabolite phytol mitigates quorum sensing mediated virulence factors and biofilm of nosocomial pathogen Serratia marcescens in vitro. J. Ethnopharmacol. 193, 592–603 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 27. Vikram A, Jesudhasan PR, Pillai SD, Patil BS. Isolimonic acid interferes with Escherichia coli O157: h7 biofilm and TTSS in QseBC and QseA dependent fashion. BMC Microbiol. 12(1), 1–13 (2012).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 28. Majik MS, Naik D, Bhat C, Tilve S, Tilvi S, D'Souza L. Synthesis of (R)-norbgugaine and its potential as quorum sensing inhibitor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 23(8), 2353–2356 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 29. Kumar L, Chhibber S, Kumar R, Kumar M, Harjai K. Zingerone silences quorum sensing and attenuates virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fitoterapia 102, 84–95 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 30. Luo J, Dong B, Wang K et al. Baicalin inhibits biofilm formation, attenuates the quorum sensing-controlled virulence and enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa clearance in a mouse peritoneal implant infection model. PLOS ONE 12(4), e0176883 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 31. Raorane CJ, Lee J-H, Kim Y-G, Rajasekharan SK, García-Contreras R, Lee J. Antibiofilm and antivirulence efficacies of flavonoids and curcumin against Acinetobacter baumannii. Front. Microbiol. 10, 990 (2019).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 32. Arita-Morioka K-i, Yamanaka K, Mizunoe Y, Tanaka Y, Ogura T, Sugimoto S. Inhibitory effects of myricetin derivatives on curli-dependent biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 8452 (2018).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 33. Tahrioui A, Ortiz S, Azuama OC et al. Membrane-interactive compounds from Pistacia lentiscus L. thwart Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. Front. Microbiol. 11, 1068 (2020).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 34. Qian W, Zhang J, Wang W et al. Efficacy of chelerythrine against mono-and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus and its properties of inducing hypha-to-yeast transition of C. albicans. J. Fungi 6(2), 45 (2020).
  Google Scholar
• 35. Lyles JT, Kim A, Nelson K et al. The chemical and antibacterial evaluation of St. John's Wort oil macerates used in Kosovar traditional medicine. Front. Microbiol. 8, 1639 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 36. Kipanga PN, Liu M, Panda SK et al. Biofilm inhibiting properties of compounds from the leaves of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague subsp ugandensis against Candida and staphylococcal biofilms. J. Ethnopharmacol. 248, 112352 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 37. Satputea SK, Banpurkar AG, Banat IM, Sangshetti JN, Patil RH, Gade WN. Multiple roles of biosurfactants in biofilms. Curr. Pharm. Des. 22(11), 1429–1448 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 38. Ohadi M, Forootanfar H, Dehghannoudeh G et al. Antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-proliferative activities of lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Acinetobacter junii B6. Microb. Pathog. 138, 103806 (2020). • A biogenic biosurfactant isolated from Acinetobacter junii B6 strain, reported as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 39. Abdel-Aziz MM, Al-Omar MS, Mohammed HA, Emam TM. In vitro and Ex vivo antibiofilm activity of a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by the entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana strain against Microsporum canis. Microorganisms 8(2), 232 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 40. Janek T, Drzymała K, Dobrowolski A. In vitro efficacy of the lipopeptide biosurfactant surfactin-C15 and its complexes with divalent counterions to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm and hyphal formation. Biofouling 36(2), 210–221 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 41. Abdelli F, Jardak M, Elloumi J et al. Antibacterial, anti-adherent and cytotoxic activities of surfactin (s) from a lipolytic strain Bacillus safensis F4. Biodegradation 30(4), 287–300 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 42. Balan SS, Kumar CG, Jayalakshmi S. Pontifactin, a new lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by a marine Pontibacter korlensis strain SBK-47: purification, characterization and its biological evaluation. Process Biochem. 51(12), 2198–2207 (2016).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 43. Ceresa C, Rinaldi M, Chiono V, Carmagnola I, Allegrone G, Fracchia L. Lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis AC7 inhibit adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans on silicone. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 109(10), 1375–1388 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 44. Karlapudi AP, Venkateswarulu T, Srirama K, Kota RK, Mikkili I, Kodali VP. Evaluation of anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-biofilm potential of biosurfactant extracted from an Acinetobacter M6 strain. J. King Saud. Univ. Sci. 32(1), 223–227 (2020).
  Google Scholar
• 45. E K R, Mathew J. Characterization of biosurfactant produced by the endophyte Burkholderia sp. WYAT7 and evaluation of its antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials. J. Biotechnol. 313, 1–10 (2020).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 46. Abdollahi S, Tofighi Z, Babaee T et al. Evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-biofilm activities of biogenic surfactants derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Iran. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2), 115 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 47. Elshikh M, Funston S, Chebbi A, Ahmed S, Marchant R, Banat IM. Rhamnolipids from non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis E264: physicochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy against oral hygiene related pathogens. New Biotechnol. 36, 26–36 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 48. Sacco LP, Castellane TCL, Polachini TC, de Macedo Lemos EG, Alves LMC. Exopolysaccharides produced by Pandoraea shows emulsifying and anti-biofilm activities. J. Polym. Res. 26(4), 1–11 (2019).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 49. Mahnashi MH, Ayaz M, Alqahtani YS et al. Quantitative-HPLC-DAD polyphenols analysis, anxiolytic and cognition enhancing potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder. J. Ethnopharmacol. 317, 116786 (2023).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 50. Mahnashi MH, Ashraf M, Alhasaniah AH et al. Polyphenol-enriched Desmodium elegans DC. ameliorate scopolamine-induced amnesia in animal model of Alzheimer's disease: in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Biomed. Pharmacother. 165, 115144 (2023).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 51. Han X, Shen T, Lou H. Dietary polyphenols and their biological significance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 8(9), 950–988 (2007).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 52. Cardona F, Andrés-Lacueva C, Tulipani S, Tinahones FJ, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health. J. Nutr. Biochem. 24(8), 1415–1422 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 53. Khoddami A, Wilkes MA, Roberts TH. Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules 18(2), 2328–2375 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 54. D'Archivio M, Filesi C, Di Benedetto R, Gargiulo R, Giovannini C, Masella R. Polyphenols, dietary sources and bioavailability. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita 43(4), 348 (2007).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 55. de Lacerda de Oliveira L, de Carvalho MV, Melo L. Health promoting and sensory properties of phenolic compounds in food. Rev. Ceres. 61, 764–779 (2014).
  Google Scholar
• 56. Tsao R. Chemistry and biochemistry of dietary polyphenols. Nutrients 2(12), 1231–1246 (2010).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 57. Kabra A, Garg R, Brimson J et al. Mechanistic insights into the role of plant polyphenols and their nano-formulations in the management of depression. Front. Pharmacol. 13, 4731 (2022).
  Google Scholar
• 58. Ozcan T, Akpinar-Bayizit A, Yilmaz-Ersan L, Delikanli B. Phenolics in human health. Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl. 5(5), 393 (2014).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 59. Crozier A, Clifford MN, Ashihara H. Plant Secondary Metabolites: Occurrence, Structure and Role in the Human Diet. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK (2008).
  Google Scholar
• 60. Lattanzio V. Chapter: 50 phenolic compounds: introduction. Nat. Prod. 1543–1580 (2013).
  Google Scholar
• 61. Rao V. Phytochemicals as Nutraceuticals–Global Approaches to Their Role in Nutrition and Health. InTech, London, UK (2012).
  Google Scholar
• 62. Chang J, Reiner J, Xie J. Progress on the chemistry of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. Chem. Rev. 105(12), 4581–4609 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 63. Pereira DM, Valentão P, Pereira JA, Andrade PB. Phenolics: from chemistry to biology. Molecules 14(6), 2202–2211 (2009).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 64. Daglia M. Polyphenols as antimicrobial agents. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 23(2), 174–181 (2012).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 65. Gyawali R, Ibrahim SA. Natural products as antimicrobial agents. Food Control 46, 412–429 (2014).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 66. Silva LN, Zimmer KR, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS. Plant natural products targeting bacterial virulence factors. Chem. Rev. 116(16), 9162–9236 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 67. Gopu V, Kothandapani S, Shetty PH. Quorum quenching activity of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and its anthocyanin malvidin against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb. Pathog. 79, 61–69 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 68. Gutiérrez-Barranquero JA, Reen FJ, McCarthy RR, O'Gara F. Deciphering the role of coumarin as a novel quorum sensing inhibitor suppressing virulence phenotypes in bacterial pathogens. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99(7), 3303–3316 (2015). • Reports the role of coumarin as an inhibitor of quorum sensing with subsequent inhibition of biofilm formation.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 69. Zeng Z, Qian L, Cao L et al. Virtual screening for novel quorum sensing inhibitors to eradicate biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 79(1), 119–126 (2008).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 70. Lee J-H, Kim Y-G, Cho HS, Ryu SY, Cho MH, Lee J. Coumarins reduce biofilm formation and the virulence of Escherichia coli O157: h7. Phytomedicine 21(8–9), 1037–1042 (2014).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 71. Ding X, Yin B, Qian L et al. Screening for novel quorum-sensing inhibitors to interfere with the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. J. Med. Microbiol. 60(12), 1827–1834 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 72. Manner S, Skogman M, Goeres D, Vuorela P, Fallarero A. Systematic exploration of natural and synthetic flavonoids for the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14(10), 19434–19451 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 73. Wallock-Richards DJ, Marles-Wright J, Clarke DJ et al. Molecular basis of Streptococcus mutans sortase A inhibition by the flavonoid natural product trans-chalcone. Chem. Comm. 51(52), 10483–10485 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 74. Rozalski M, Micota B, Sadowska B et al. Antiadherent and antibiofilm activity of Humulus lupulus L. derived products: new pharmacological properties. Biomed Res. Int. 2013, 101089 (2013).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 75. Vikram A, Jayaprakasha GK, Jesudhasan P, Pillai S, Patil B. Suppression of bacterial cell–cell signalling, biofilm formation and type III secretion system by citrus flavonoids. J. Appl. Microbiol. 109(2), 515–527 (2010).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 76. Cho HS, Lee J-H, Cho MH, Lee J. Red wines and flavonoids diminish Staphylococcus aureus virulence with anti-biofilm and anti-hemolytic activities. Biofouling 31(1), 1–11 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 77. Dürig A, Kouskoumvekaki I, Vejborg RM, Klemm P. Chemoinformatics-assisted development of new anti-biofilm compounds. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 87(1), 309–317 (2010).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 78. Vikram A, Jayaprakasha G, Uckoo RM, Patil BS. Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157: h7 motility and biofilm by β-sitosterol glucoside. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1830(11), 5219–5228 (2013).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 79. Prabu G, Gnanamani A, Sadulla S. Guaijaverin–a plant flavonoid as potential antiplaque agent against Streptococcus mutans. J. Appl. Microbiol. 101(2), 487–495 (2006).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 80. Hasan S, Singh K, Danisuddin M, Verma PK, Khan AU. Inhibition of major virulence pathways of Streptococcus mutans by quercitrin and deoxynojirimycin: a synergistic approach of infection control. PLOS ONE 9(3), e91736 (2014).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 81. Zhang J, Rui X, Wang L, Guan Y, Sun X, Dong M. Polyphenolic extract from Rosa rugosa tea inhibits bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Food Control 42, 125–131 (2014).
  Google Scholar
• 82. Lee J-H, Regmi SC, Kim J-A et al. Apple flavonoid phloretin inhibits Escherichia coli O157: h7 biofilm formation and ameliorates colon inflammation in rats. Infect. Immun. 79(12), 4819–4827 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 83. Sivaranjani M, Gowrishankar S, Kamaladevi A, Pandian SK, Balamurugan K, Ravi AV. Morin inhibits biofilm production and reduces the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes–An in vitro and in vivo approach. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 237, 73–82 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 84. Lee P, Tan KS. Effects of Epigallocatechin gallate against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and virulence. Arch. Oral Biol. 60(3), 393–399 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 85. Vandeputte OM, Kiendrebeogo M, Rajaonson S et al. Identification of catechin as one of the flavonoids from Combretum albiflorum bark extract that reduces the production of quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76(1), 243–253 (2010).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 86. Kang M-S, Oh J-S, Kang I-C, Hong S-J, Choi C-H. Inhibitory effect of methyl gallate and gallic acid on oral bacteria. J. Microbiol. 46(6), 744–750 (2008).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 87. Shao D, Li J, Li J et al. Inhibition of gallic acid on the growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. J. Food Sci. 80(6), M1299–M1305 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 88. Lin M-H, Chang F-R, Hua M-Y, Wu Y-C, Liu S-T. Inhibitory effects of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55(3), 1021–1027 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 89. Hancock V, Dahl M, Vejborg RM, Klemm P. Dietary plant components ellagic acid and tannic acid inhibit Escherichia coli biofilm formation. J. Med. Microbiol. 59(4), 496 (2010).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 90. Fialová S, Slobodníková L, Veizerová L, GranČai D. Lycopus europaeus: phenolic fingerprint, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect on clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains. Nat. Prod. Res. 29(24), 2271–2274 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 91. Li J, Koh J-J, Liu S, Lakshminarayanan R, Verma CS, Beuerman RW. Membrane active antimicrobial peptides: translating mechanistic insights to design. Front. Neurosci. 11, 73 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 92. Bierbaum G, Sahl H-G. Lantibiotics: mode of action, biosynthesis and bioengineering. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 10(1), 2–18 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 93. Parisot J, Carey S, Breukink E, Chan WC, Narbad A, Bonev B. Molecular mechanism of target recognition by subtilin, a class I lanthionine antibiotic. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52(2), 612–618 (2008).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 94. Hsu S-TD, Breukink E, Tischenko E et al. The nisin–lipid II complex reveals a pyrophosphate cage that provides a blueprint for novel antibiotics. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11(10), 963–967 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 95. De Rienzo MAD, Banat IM, Dolman B, Winterburn J, Martin PJ. Sophorolipid biosurfactants: possible uses as antibacterial and antibiofilm agent. New Biotechnol. 32(6), 720–726 (2015).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 96. Shah IM, Laaberki M-H, Popham DL, Dworkin J. A eukaryotic-like Ser/Thr kinase signals bacteria to exit dormancy in response to peptidoglycan fragments. Cell 135(3), 486–496 (2008).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 97. Shen Y, Köller T, Kreikemeyer B, Nelson DC. Rapid degradation of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms by PlyC, a bacteriophage-encoded endolysin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 68(8), 1818–1824 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 98. Fischetti VA. Bacteriophage endolysins: a novel anti-infective to control Gram-positive pathogens. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 300(6), 357–362 (2010).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 99. Carpentier B, Cerf O. Biofilms and their consequences, with particular reference to hygiene in the food industry. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75(6), 499–511 (1993).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 100. Kragol G, Lovas S, Varadi G, Condie BA, Hoffmann R, Otvos L. The antibacterial peptide pyrrhocoricin inhibits the ATPase actions of DnaK and prevents chaperone-assisted protein folding. Biochem. 40(10), 3016–3026 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 101. Gagnon MG, Roy RN, Lomakin IB, Florin T, Mankin AS, Steitz TA. Structures of proline-rich peptides bound to the ribosome reveal a common mechanism of protein synthesis inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res. 44(5), 2439–2450 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 102. Boles BR, Horswill AR. Staphylococcal biofilm disassembly. Trends Microbiol. 19(9), 449–455 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 103. Saggu SK, Jha G, Mishra PC. Enzymatic degradation of biofilm by metalloprotease from microbacterium sp. SKS10. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 7, 192 (2019).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 104. Thoendel M, Kavanaugh JS, Flack CE, Horswill AR. Peptide signaling in the staphylococci. Chem. Rev. 111(1), 117–151 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 105. Beenken KE, Mrak LN, Griffin LM et al. Epistatic relationships between sarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. PLOS ONE 5(5), e10790 (2010).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 106. Romero D, Kolter R. Will biofilm disassembly agents make it to market? Trends Microbiol. 19(7), 304–306 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 107. Rendueles O, Kaplan JB, Ghigo JM. Antibiofilm polysaccharides. Environ. Microbiol. 15(2), 334–346 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 108. Jiang P, Li J, Han F et al. Antibiofilm activity of an exopolysaccharide from marine bacterium Vibrio sp. QY101. PLOS ONE 6(4), e18514 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 109. Das T, Manefield M. Pyocyanin promotes extracellular DNA release in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLOS ONE 7(10), e46718 (2012).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 110. Wu S, Liu G, Jin W, Xiu P, Sun C. Antibiofilm and anti-infection of a marine bacterial exopolysaccharide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front. Microbiol. 7, 102 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 111. Stewart PS. Prospects for anti-biofilm pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals 8(3), 504–511 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 112. Kaplan JB. Therapeutic potential of biofilm-dispersing enzymes. Int. J. Artif. Organs 32(9), 545–554 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 113. Dieltjens L, Appermans K, Lissens M et al. Inhibiting bacterial cooperation is an evolutionarily robust anti-biofilm strategy. Nat. Commun. 11(1), 1–11 (2020).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 114. Walsh C. Molecular mechanisms that confer antibacterial drug resistance. Nature 406(6797), 775–781 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 115. Anderl JN, Franklin MJ, Stewart PS. Role of antibiotic penetration limitation in Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm resistance to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44(7), 1818–1824 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 116. Williams I, Venables WA, Lloyd D, Paul F, Critchley I. The effects of adherence to silicone surfaces on antibiotic susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiology 143(7), 2407–2413 (1997).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 117. Stewart PS. Theoretical aspects of antibiotic diffusion into microbial biofilms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40(11), 2517–2522 (1996).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 118. Stewart PS. A review of experimental measurements of effective diffusive permeabilities and effective diffusion coefficients in biofilms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 59(3), 261–272 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 119. Shigeta M, Tanaka G, Komatsuzawa H, Sugai M, Suginaka H, Usui T. Permeation of antimicrobial agents through Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: a simple method. Chemotherapy 43(5), 340–345 (1997).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 120. De Beer D, Stoodley P, Roe F, Lewandowski Z. Effects of biofilm structures on oxygen distribution and mass transport. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43(11), 1131–1138 (1994).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 121. Zhang TC, Bishop PL. Evaluation of substrate and pH effects in a nitrifying biofilm. Water Environ. Res. 68(7), 1107–1115 (1996).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 122. Tack KJ, Sabath L. Increased minimum inhibitory concentrations with anaerobiasis for tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin, compared to latamoxef, piperacillin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin. Chemotherapy 31(3), 204–210 (1985).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 123. Tuomanen E, Cozens R, Tosch W, Zak O, Tomasz A. The rate of killing of Escherichia coli by β-lactam antibiotics is strictly proportional to the rate of bacterial growth. Microbiology 132(5), 1297–1304 (1986).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 124. Cochran WL, McFeters GA, Stewart PS. Reduced susceptibility of thin Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to hydrogen peroxide and monochloramine. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88(1), 22–30 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 125. Ovais M, Khalil AT, Ayaz M, Ahmad I. Biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles as emerging cancer theranostics agents. In: Nanotheranostics, Springer, 229–244 (2019).
  Google Scholar
• 126. Sani A, Hassan D, Khalil AT et al. Floral extracts-mediated green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles and their diverse pharmacological evaluations. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 39(11), 4133–4147 (2021).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 127. Khan HA, Ghufran M, Shams S et al. In-depth in-vitro and in-vivo anti-diabetic evaluations of Fagonia cretica mediated biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles. Biomed. Pharmacother. 164, 114872 (2023).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 128. Liu C, Dong S, Wang X et al. Research progress of polyphenols in nanoformulations for antibacterial application. Mater. Today Bio. 21, 100729 (2023).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 129. Li J, Mooney DJ. Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1(12), 1–17 (2016).
  Google Scholar
• 130. Raghuwanshi VS, Garnier G. Characterisation of hydrogels: linking the nano to the microscale. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 274, 102044 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 131. Ickenstein LM, Garidel P. Lipid-based nanoparticle formulations for small molecules and RNA drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 16(11), 1205–1226 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 132. Al-Jamal WT, Kostarelos K. Liposomes: from a clinically established drug delivery system to a nanoparticle platform for theranostic nanomedicine. Acc. Chem. Res. 44(10), 1094–1104 (2011).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 133. Huesca-Urióstegui K, García-Valderrama EJ, Gutierrez-Uribe JA, Antunes-Ricardo M, Guajardo-Flores D. Nanofiber systems as herbal bioactive compounds carriers: current applications in healthcare. Pharmaceutics 14(1), 191 (2022).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 134. Chouhan D, Janani G, Chakraborty B, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Functionalized PVA–silk blended nanofibrous mats promote diabetic wound healing via regulation of extracellular matrix and tissue remodelling. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 12(3), e1559–e1570 (2018).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 135. Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF et al. Nano-based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J. Nanobiotechnology 16(1), 1–33 (2018).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 136. Shukla A, Parmar P, Rao P, Goswami D, Saraf M. Twin peaks: presenting the antagonistic molecular interplay of curcumin with LasR and LuxR quorum sensing pathways. Curr. Microbiol. 77(8), 1800–1810 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 137. Abdulrahman H, Misba L, Ahmad S, Khan AU. Curcumin induced photodynamic therapy mediated suppression of quorum sensing pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an approach to inhibit biofilm in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther. 30, 101645 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 138. Jourghanian P, Ghaffari S, Ardjmand M, Haghighat S, Mohammadnejad M. Sustained release curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 6(1), 17 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 139. Luan L, Chi Z, Liu C. Chinese white wax solid lipid nanoparticles as a novel nanocarrier of curcumin for inhibiting the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Nanomaterials 9(5), 763 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 140. Hazzah HA, Farid RM, Nasra MM, Hazzah WA, El-Massik MA, Abdallah OY. Gelucire-based nanoparticles for curcumin targeting to oral mucosa: preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity assessment. J. Pharm. Sci. 104(11), 3913–3924 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 141. Ma S, Moser D, Han F, Leonhard M, Schneider-Stickler B, Tan Y. Preparation and antibiofilm studies of curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles against polymicrobial biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Carbohydr. Polym. 241, 116254 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 142. Anbari H, Maghsoudi A, Hosseinpour M, Yazdian F. Acceleration of antibacterial activity of curcumin loaded biopolymers against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: synthesis, optimization, and evaluation. Eng. Life Sci. 22(2), 58–69 (2022).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 143. Trigo Gutierrez JK, Zanatta GC, Ortega ALM et al. Encapsulation of curcumin in polymeric nanoparticles for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. PLOS ONE 12(11), e0187418 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 144. Song Z, Wu Y, Wang H, Han H. Synergistic antibacterial effects of curcumin modified silver nanoparticles through ROS-mediated pathways. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 99, 255–263 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 145. Loo C-Y, Rohanizadeh R, Young PM et al. Combination of silver nanoparticles and curcumin nanoparticles for enhanced anti-biofilm activities. J. Agric. Food Chem. 64(12), 2513–2522 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 146. Narayan R, Nayak UY, Raichur AM, Garg S. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a comprehensive review on synthesis and recent advances. Pharmaceutics 10(3), 118 (2018).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 147. Fallah M, Bahrami SH, Ranjbar-Mohammadi M. Fabrication and characterization of PCL/gelatin/curcumin nanofibers and their antibacterial properties. J. Ind. Text. 46(2), 562–577 (2016).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 148. Kaur A, Gabrani R, Dang S. Nanoemulsions of green tea catechins and other natural compounds for the treatment of urinary tract infection: antibacterial analysis. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 9(3), 401 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 149. Rahbar Takrami S, Ranji N, Sadeghizadeh M. Antibacterial effects of curcumin encapsulated in nanoparticles on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through downregulation of efflux pumps. Mol. Biol. Rep. 46, 2395–2404 (2019).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 150. Barros CH, Hiebner DW, Fulaz S, Vitale S, Quinn L, Casey E. Synthesis and self-assembly of curcumin-modified amphiphilic polymeric micelles with antibacterial activity. J. Nanobiotechnology 19(1), 1–15 (2021).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 151. Bhatia E, Sharma S, Jadhav K, Banerjee R. Combinatorial liposomes of berberine and curcumin inhibit biofilm formation and intracellular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections and associated inflammation. J. Mater. Chem. B 9(3), 864–875 (2021).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 152. Shariati A, Asadian E, Fallah F et al. Evaluation ofnano-curcumin effects on expression levels of virulence genes and biofilm production of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infection in Tehran, Iran. Infect. Drug Resist. 12, 2223–2235 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 153. Singh AK, Prakash P, Singh R et al. Curcumin quantum dots mediated degradation of bacterial biofilms. Front. Microbiol. 8, 1517 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 154. Lin Y-H, Feng C-L, Lai C-H, Lin J-H, Chen H-Y. Preparation of epigallocatechin gallate-loaded nanoparticles and characterization of their inhibitory effects on Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro and in vivo. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15(4), 045006 2014).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 155. Avila SRR, Schuenck GPD, e Silva LPC et al. High antibacterial in vitro performance of gold nanoparticles synthesized by epigallocatechin 3-gallate. J. Mater. Res. 36, 518–532 (2021).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 156. Zhou X, Pu H, Sun D-W. DNA functionalized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: principles and recent advances in food safety detection. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 61(14), 2277–2296 (2021).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 157. Hu B, Shen Y, Adamcik J et al. Polyphenol-binding amyloid fibrils self-assemble into reversible hydrogels with antibacterial activity. ACS Nano 12(4), 3385–3396 (2018).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 158. Yang C, Wang Z, Gao Y et al. EGCG-coated silver nanoparticles self-assemble with selenium nanowires for treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections by generating ROS and disrupting biofilms. Nanotechnology 33(41), 415101 (2022).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 159. Nguyen TLA, Bhattacharya D. Antimicrobial activity of quercetin: an approach to its mechanistic principle. Molecules 27(8), 2494 (2022).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 160. George D, Maheswari PU, Begum KMMS. Synergic formulation of onion peel quercetin loaded chitosan-cellulose hydrogel with green zinc oxide nanoparticles towards controlled release, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 132, 784–794 (2019).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 161. Arasoğlu T, Derman S, Mansuroğlu B et al. Preparation, characterization, and enhanced antimicrobial activity: quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens. Turk. J. Biol. 41(1), 127–140 (2017).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 162. Shabana M, Taju G, Majeed A, Karthika M, Ramasubramanian V, Sahul Hameed AS. Preparation and evaluation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded quercetin against bacterial infections in Oreochromis niloticus. Aquac. Rep. 21, 100808 (2021).
  Google Scholar
• 163. Vanaraj S, Keerthana BB, Preethi K. Biosynthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using quercetin from Clitoria ternatea L to enhance toxicity against bacterial biofilm. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 27(5), 1412–1422 (2017).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 164. Yu L, Shang F, Chen X et al. The anti-biofilm effect of silver-nanoparticle-decorated quercetin nanoparticles on a multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strain isolated from a dairy cow with mastitis. PeerJ 6, e5711 (2018).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 165. Pourhajibagher M, Alaeddini M, Etemad-Moghadam S et al. Quorum quenching of Streptococcus mutans via the nano-quercetin-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as a potential target for cariogenic biofilm. BMC Microbiol. 22(1), 125 (2022).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 166. Tran T-T, Hadinoto K. A Potential quorum-sensing inhibitor for bronchiectasis therapy: quercetin–chitosan nanoparticle complex exhibiting superior inhibition of biofilm formation and swimming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the native quercetin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(4), 1541 (2021).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 167. Lee J-H, Park J-H, Cho HS, Joo SW, Cho MH, Lee J. Anti-biofilm activities of quercetin and tannic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Biofouling 29(5), 491–499 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 168. Zhang Z-Y, Sun Y, Zheng Y-D et al. A biocompatible bacterial cellulose/tannic acid composite with antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 106, 110249 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 169. Qin Y, Wang J, Qiu C, Hu Y, Xu X, Jin Z. Self-assembly of metal–phenolic networks as functional coatings for preparation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and pH-sensitive-modified starch nanoparticles. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7(20), 17379–17389 (2019).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 170. Yu Y, Li P, Zhu C, Ning N, Zhang S, Vancso GJ. Multifunctional and recyclable photothermally responsive cryogels as efficient platforms for wound healing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(35), 1904402 (2019).
  Google Scholar
• 171. Cao C, Yang N, Zhao Y et al. Biodegradable hydrogel with thermo-response and hemostatic effect for photothermal enhanced anti-infective therapy. Nano Today 39, 101165 (2021).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 172. Ninan N, Forget A, Shastri VP, Voelcker NH, Blencowe A. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory pH-responsive tannic acid-carboxylated agarose composite hydrogels for wound healing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(42), 28511–28521 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 173. Ni Z, Yu H, Wang L et al. Multistage ROS-responsive and natural polyphenol-driven prodrug hydrogels for diabetic wound healing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14(47), 52643–52658 (2022).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 174. Liu L, Ge C, Zhang Y et al. Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles for enhancing anti-biofilm activities and modulating biofilm formation. Biomater. Sci. 8(17), 4852–4860 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 175. Heidari F, Akbarzadeh I, Nourouzian D, Mirzaie A, Bakhshandeh H. Optimization and characterization of tannic acid loaded niosomes for enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. Adv. Powder Technol. 31(12), 4768–4781 (2020).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 176. Singhal AV, Malwal D, Thiyagarajan S, Lahiri I. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of GNP-tannic acid-Ag nanocomposite and their epoxy-based coatings. Prog. Org. Coat. 159, 106421 (2021).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 177. Borges A, Ferreira C, Saavedra MJ, Simões M. Antibacterial activity and mode of action of ferulic and gallic acids against pathogenic bacteria. Microb. Drug Resist. 19(4), 256–265 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 178. Lee JM, Choi K-H, Min J, Kim H-J, Jee J-P, Park BJ. Functionalized ZnO nanoparticles with gallic acid for antioxidant and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Nanomaterials 7(11), 365 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 179. Vico TA, Arce VB, Fangio MF et al. Two choices for the functionalization of silica nanoparticles with gallic acid: characterization of the nanomaterials and their antimicrobial activity against Paenibacillus larvae. J. Nanopart. Res. 18, 1–13 (2016).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 180. Magadla A, Openda YI, Mpeta LS, Nyokong T. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of gallic acid anchored phthalocyanine-doped silica nanoparticles towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and planktonic cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther. 42, 103520 (2023).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 181. Kim J, Choi Y, Park J, Choi J. Gelatin–gallic acid microcomplexes release GO/Cu nanomaterials to eradicate antibiotic-resistant microbes and their biofilm. ACS Infect. Dis. 9(2), 296–307 (2023).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 182. Vitonyte J, Manca ML, Caddeo C et al. Bifunctional viscous nanovesicles co-loaded with resveratrol and gallic acid for skin protection against microbial and oxidative injuries. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 114, 278–287 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 183. Abedini E, Khodadadi E, Zeinalzadeh E et al. A comprehensive study on the antimicrobial properties of resveratrol as an alternative therapy. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2021, 8866311 (2021).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 184. Summerlin N, Soo E, Thakur S, Qu Z, Jambhrunkar S, Popat A. Resveratrol nanoformulations: challenges and opportunities. Int. J. Pharm. 479(2), 282–290 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 185. Park S, Cha S-H, Cho I et al. Antibacterial nanocarriers of resveratrol with gold and silver nanoparticles. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 58, 1160–1169 (2016).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 186. Karakucuk A, Tort S. Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation of electrospun PCL nanofiber composites of resveratrol nanocrystals. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 25(10), 1216–1225 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 187. Angellotti G, Di Prima G et al. Multicomponent antibiofilm lipid nanoparticles as novel platform to ameliorate resveratrol properties: preliminary outcomes on fibroblast proliferation and migration. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24(9), 8382 (2023).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 188. Aiello S, Pagano L, Ceccacci F et al. Mannosyl, glucosyl or galactosyl liposomes to improve resveratrol efficacy against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 617, 126321 (2021).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 189. Deepika MS, Thangam R, Sundarraj S et al. Co-delivery of diverse therapeutic compounds using PEG–PLGA nanoparticle cargo against drug-resistant bacteria: an improved anti-biofilm strategy. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 3(1), 385–399 (2019).
  Google Scholar
• 190. Dessai S, Ayyanar M, Amalraj S et al. Bioflavonoid mediated synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles: characterization and their biomedical applications. Mater. Lett. 311, 131639 (2022).
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 191. Deepika MS, Thangam R, Sundarraj S et al. Co-delivery of diverse therapeutic compounds using PEG–PLGA nanoparticle cargo against drug-resistant bacteria: an improved anti-biofilm strategy. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 3(1), 385–399 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 192. Nguyen HT, Hensel A, Goycoolea FM. Chitosan/cyclodextrin surface-adsorbed naringenin-loaded nanocapsules enhance bacterial quorum quenching and anti-biofilm activities. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 211, 112281 (2022).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 193. Rajkumari J, Busi S, Vasu AC, Reddy P. Facile green synthesis of baicalein fabricated gold nanoparticles and their antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Microb. Pathog. 107, 261–269 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 194. Guo Q, Guo H, Lan T et al. Co-delivery of antibiotic and baicalein by using different polymeric nanoparticle cargos with enhanced synergistic antibacterial activity. Int. J. Pharm. 599, 120419 (2021).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 195. Prateeksha, Singh BR, Shoeb M et al. Scaffold of selenium nanovectors and honey phytochemicals for inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 7, 93 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 196. Siddhardha B, Pandey U, Kaviyarasu K et al. Chrysin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles potentiates antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens 9(2), 115 (2020).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 197. Ilk S, Sağlam N, Özgen M, Korkusuz F. Chitosan nanoparticles enhances the anti-quorum sensing activity of kaempferol. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 94, 653–662 (2017).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 198. Pattnaik S, Barik S, Muralitharan G, Busi S. Ferulic acid encapsulated chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles attenuate quorum sensing regulated virulence and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. IET Nanobiotechnol. 12(8), 1056–1061 (2018).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar