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Membrane location of cardiolipin antigen in Treponema pallidum: further study on the origin of nontreponemal antibodies

    Qiu-Ling Li‡

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    ‡These authors contributed equally to this work

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    ,
    Qiu-Yan Xu‡

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    ‡These authors contributed equally to this work

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Kun Gao

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    ,
    Hui-Lin Zhang

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    ,
    Li-Li Liu

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    ,
    Li-Rong Lin

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    ,
    Jian-Jun Niu

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: niujianjun211@xmu.edu.cn

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    &
    Tian-Ci Yang

    **Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: yangtianci@xmu.edu.cn

    Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2021-0245

    Aim: The present study examined the membrane location of cardiolipin antigen in treponemes. Materials & methods: The authors used different methods to disrupt the outer membrane of treponemes, detected the location of the cardiolipin antigen and analyzed the immune response in rabbits immunized with various antigens. Results: All organisms were labeled with nontreponemal antibodies on immunoelectron and fluorescence microscopy, except the citrate buffer-treated group, which is a method leading to relatively complete removal. Except for citrate buffer-treated spirochetes, all treponemes produced low-titer, nontreponemal antibodies in immunized rabbits. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the cardiolipin antigen was localized in the outer membrane of spirochetes. This study provided further evidence of the origin of nontreponemal antibodies during Treponema pallidum infection.

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