Are we approaching the end of pediatric culture-negative osteoarticular infections?

References

• 1. Gutierrez K. Bone and joint infection. In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease (2nd Edition). Long SS PL, Prober CG (Eds). Churchill Livingstone, PA, USA, 467–474 (2003).
  Google Scholar
• 2. Luhmann JD, Luhmann SJ. Etiology of septic arthritis in children: an update for the 1990s. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 15(1), 40–42 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 3. Dodwell ER. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children: current concepts. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 25(1), 58–63 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 4. Chen WL, Chang WN, Chen YS et al. Acute community-acquired osteoarticular infections in children: high incidence of concomitant bone and joint involvement. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 43(4), 332–338 (2010).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 5. Christiansen P, Frederiksen B, Glazowski J et al. Epidemiologic, bacteriologic and long-term follow-up data of children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: a ten-year review. J. Pediatr. Orthop. B 8(4), 302–305 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 6. Çaksen H, Kürşat Öztürk M, Üzüm K et al. Septic arthritis in childhood. Pediatr. Int. 42(5), 534–540 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 7. Goergens ED, McEvoy A, Watson M et al. Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. J. Paediatr. Child Health 41(1–2), 59–62 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 8. Blyth MJ, Kincaid R, Craigen MA et al. The changing epidemiology of acute ans subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 83(1), 99–102 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 9. Karwowska A, Davies HD, Jadavji T. Epidemiology and outcome of osteomyelitis in the era of sequential intravenous-oral therapy. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 17(11), 1021–1026 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 10. Jaberi FM, Shahcheraghi GH, Ahadzadeh M. Short-term intravenous antimicrobial treatment of acute hematogenous bone and joint infection in children: a prospective randomized trial. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 22, 317–320 (2002).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 11. Jagodzinski NA, Kanwar R, Graham K et al. Prospective evaluation of a shortened regimen of treatment for acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 29, 518–525 (2009).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 12. Floyed RL, Steele RW. Culture-negative osteomyelitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 22, 731–736 (2003).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 13. Lyon RM, Evanich JD. Culture-negative septic arthritis in children. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 19, 655–659 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 14. Juchler C, Spyropoulou V, Wagner N et al. The contemporary bacteriologic epidemiology of osteoarticular infections in children in Switzerland. J. Pediatr. 194, 190.e1–196.e1 (2018).
  Google Scholar
• 15. Ilharreborde B, Bidet P, Lorrot M et al. New real-time PCR-based method for Kingella kingae DNA detection: application to samples collected from 89 children with acute arthritis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47(6), 1837–1841 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 16. Ceroni D, Cherkaoui A, Ferey S et al. Kingella kingae osteoarticular infections in young children: clinical features and contribution of a new specific real-time PCR assay to the diagnosis. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 30(3), 301–304 (2010).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 17. Ceroni D, Dubois-Ferrière V, Cherkaoui A et al. Detection of Kingella kingae osteoarticular infections in children by oropharyngeal Swab PCR. Pediatrics 131, 1–6 (2013)
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 18. Gravel J, Ceroni D, Lacroix LE et al. Association between oropharyngeal carriage of Kingella kingae and osteoarticular infection in young children: a case-control study. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 189(35), E1107–E1111 (2017).
  Google Scholar
• 19. Yagupsky P, El Houmami N, Fournier PE. Outbreaks of Invasive Kingella kingae infections in daycare facilities: approach to investigation and management. J. Pediatr. 182, 14–20 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 20. El Houmami N, Bzdrenga J, Pons JC et al. A modified multilocus sequence typing protocol to genotype Kingella kingae from oropharyngeal swabs without bacterial isolation. BMC Microbiol. 17(1), 200 (2017).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 21. Dong L, Wang W, Li A et al. Clinical next generation sequencing for precision medicine in cancer. Curr. Genomics 16(4), 253–263 (2015).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar