Abstract
Aims: The aim of this article is to present a novel synthetic route to form CeO2 nanoparticles that protects against the detrimental influence of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. Methods: The noncytotoxic surfactant lecithin was used to synthesize CeO2 nanoparticles and the products were colloidally stabilized in a biocompatible tri-sodium citrate buffer. These nanoparticles were delivered into murine insulinoma βTC-tet cells, and intracellular free radical concentrations responding to exposure to hydroquinone were measured in a variety of extracellular CeO2 concentrations. Results: Well-dispersed, highly crystallized CeO2 nanoparticles of 3.7 nm in size were achieved that are chemically and colloidally stable in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium for extended periods of time. Treating βTC-tet cells with these nanoparticles alleviated detrimental intracellular free radical levels down to the primary level. Conclusion: CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized from this route are demonstrated to be effective free radical scavengers within βTC-tet cells. Furthermore, it is shown that CeO2 nanoparticles provide an effective means to improve cellular survival in settings wherein cell loss due to oxidative stress limits native function.
Bibliography
- 1 Rzigalinski BA: Nanoparticles and cell longevity. Technology in cancer research and treatment. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat.4(6),651–659 (2005).
- 2 Rzigalinski BA, Meehan K, Davis RM et al.: Radical nanomedicine. Nanomedicine1(4),399–412 (2006).
- 3 Schubert D, Dargusch R, Raitano J, Chan SW: Cerium and yttrium oxide nanoparticles are neuroprotective. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.342(1),86–91 (2006).
- 4 Tarnuzzer RW, Colon J, Patil S, Seal S: Vacancy engineered ceria nanostructures for protection from radiation-induced cellular damage. Nano Lett.5(12),2573–2577 (2005).
- 5 Chen J, Patil S, Seal S, McGinnis JF: Rare earth nanoparticles prevent retinal degeneration induced by intracellular peroxides. Nat. Nanotechnol.1,142–150 (2006).
- 6 Das M, Patil S, Bhargava N et al.: Auto-catalytic ceria nanoparticles offer neuroprotection to adult rat spinal cord neurons. Biomaterials28(10),1918–1925 (2007).
- 7 Niu J, Azfer A, Rogers LM, Wang X, Kolattukudy PE: Cardioprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in a transgenic murine model of cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc. Res.73(3),549–559 (2007).
- 8 Ormerod RM: Solid oxide fuel cells. Chem. Soc. Rev.32(1),17–28 (2003).
- 9 Trovarelli A: Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials. Imperial College Press, London, UK (2005).
- 10 Duprez D, Descorme C, Birchem T, Rohart E: Oxygen storage and mobility on model three-way catalysts. Topics Catal.16(1–4),49–56 (2001).
- 11 Jasinski P, Suzuki T, Anderson HU: Nanocrystalline undoped ceria oxygen sensor. Sens. Actuators B Chem.95(1–3),73–77 (2003).
- 12 Binet C, Daturi M, Lavalley JC: IR study of polycrystalline ceria properties in oxidised and reduced states. Catal. Today50(2),207–225 (1999).
- 13 Descorme C, Madier Y, Duprez D: Infrared study of oxygen adsorption and activation on cerium-zirconium mixed oxides. J. Catal.196(1),167–173 (2000).
- 14 Namai Y, Fukui K, Iwasawa Y: Atom-resolved noncontact atomic force microscopic observations of CeO2(111) surfaces with different oxidation states: surface structure and behavior of surface oxygen atoms. J. Phys. Chem. B107(42),11666–11673 (2003).
- 15 Esch F, Fabris S, Zhou L et al.: Electron localization determines defect formation on ceria substrates. Science309(5735),752–755 (2005).
- 16 Lin W, Huang YW, Zhao XD, Ma Y: Toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human lung cancer cells. Int. J. Toxicol.25(6),451–4577 (2006).
- 17 Hernandez-Alonso MD, Hungria AB, Martinez-Arias A et al.: Epr study of the photoassisted formation of radicals on CeO2 nanoparticles employed for toluene photooxidation. Appl. Catal. B Environ.50(3),167–175 (2004).
- 18 Zhang F, Jin Q, Chan SW: Ceria nanoparticles: size, size distribution, shape. J. Appl. Phys.95(8),4319–4326 (2004).
- 19 Davalli AM, Scaglia L, Zangen DH, Hollister J, BonnerWeir S, Weir GC: Vulnerability of islets in the immediate posttransplantation period – dynamic changes in structure and function. Diabetes45(9),1161–1167 (1996).
- 20 Paraskevas S, Maysinger D, Wang RN, Duguid WP, Rosenberg L: Cell loss in isolated human islets occurs by apoptosis. Pancreas20(3),270–276 (2000).
- 21 Rosenberg L, Wang RN, Paraskevas S, Maysinger D: Structural and functional changes resulting from islet isolation lead to islet cell death. Surgery126(2),393–398 (1999).
- 22 Pileggi A, Molano RD, Berney T et al.: Heme oxygenase-1 induction in islet cells results in protection from apoptosis and improved in vivo function after transplantation. Diabetes50(9),1983–1991 (2001).
- 23 Bottino R, Balamurugan AN, Bertera S et al.: Preservation of human islet cell functional mass by anti-oxidative action of a novel sod mimic compound. Diabetes51(8),2561–2567 (2002).
