Stem cell paracrine actions and tissue regeneration

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest

Bibliography

• 1  Scadden DT: The stem-cell niche as an entity of action. Nature441(7097),1075–1079 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 2  Kilroy GE, Foster SJ, Wu X et al.: Cytokine profile of human adipose-derived stem cells: expression of angiogenic, hematopoietic, and proinflammatory factors. J. Cell. Physiol.212(3),702–709 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 3  Caplan AI: Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data: new insight. J. Pathol.217(2),318–324 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 4  Sarojini H, Estrada R, Lu H et al.: PEDF from mouse mesenchymal stem cell secretome attracts fibroblasts. J. Cell. Biochem.104(5),1793–1802 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 5  Schinkothe T, Bloch W, Schmidt A: In vitro secreting profile of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev.17(1),199–206 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 6  Liu CH, Hwang SM: Cytokine interactions in mesenchymal stem cells from cord blood. Cytokine32(6),270–279 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 7  Fu X, Li H: Mesenchymal stem cells and skin wound repair and regeneration: possibilities and questions. Cell Tissue Res.335(2),317–321 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 8  Ilancheran S, Moodley Y, Manuelpillai U: Human fetal membranes: a source of stem cells for tissue regeneration and repair? Placenta30(1),2–10 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 9  Trivedi P, Hematti P: Derivation and immunological characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells from human embryonic stem cells. Exp. Hematol.36(3),350–359 (2008).Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 10  Zhang W: Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer: friends or foes. Cancer Biol. Ther.7(2),252–254 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 11  Bochev I, Elmadjian G, Kyurkchiev D et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow or adipose tissue differently modulate mitogen-stimulated B-cell immunoglobulin production in vitro. Cell Biol. Int.32(4),384–393 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 12  Yen BL, Chang CJ, Chen YC, Hu H-I, Bai C-H, Yen M-L: Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors possess strong immunosuppressive effects toward natural killer cells as well as T lymphocytes. Stem Cells27,451–456 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 13  Bartholomew A, Sturgeon C, Siatskas M et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo. Exp. Hematol.30(1),42–48 (2002).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 14  Nasef A, Chapel A, Mazurier C et al.: Identification of IL-10 and TGF-β transcripts involved in the inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation during cell contact with human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene Exp.13(4–5),217–226 (2007).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 15  English K, Barry FP, Field-Corbett CP, Mahon BP: IFN-γ and TNF-α differentially regulate immunomodulation by murine mesenchymal stem cells. Immunol. Lett.110(2),91–100 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 16  Sato K, Ozaki K, Oh I et al.: Nitric oxide plays a critical role in suppression of T cell proliferation by mesenchymal stem cells. Blood109(1),228–234 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 17  Meisel R, Zibert A, Laryea M, Gobel U, Daubener W, Dilloo D: Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation. Blood103(12),4619–4621 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 18  Plumas J, Chaperot L, Richard MJ, Molens JP, Bensa JC, Favrot MC: Mesenchymal stem cells induce apoptosis of activated T cells. Leukemia19(9),1597–1604 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 19  Aggarwal S, Pittenger MF: Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses. Blood105(4),1815–1822 (2005).▪ Details interactions between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells and elucidates mechanisms likely involved in mesenchymal stem cell modulation of inflammation.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 20  Potian JA, Aviv H, Ponzio NM, Harrison JS, Rameshwar P: Veto-like activity of mesenchymal stem cells: functional discrimination between cellular responses to alloantigens and recall antigens. J. Immunol.171(7),3426–3434 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 21  Yang SH, Park MJ, Yoon IH et al.: Soluble mediators from mesenchymal stem cells suppress T cell proliferation by inducing IL-10. Exp. Mol. Med.41(5),315–324 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 22  Asari S, Itakura S, Ferreri K et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells suppress B-cell terminal differentiation. Exp. Hematol.37(5),604–615 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 23  Rasmusson I, Le Blanc K, Sundberg B, Ringden O: Mesenchymal stem cells stimulate antibody secretion in human B cells. Scand. J. Immunol.65(4),336–343 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 24  Ramasamy R, Fazekasova H, Lam EW, Soeiro I, Lombardi G, Dazzi F: Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit dendritic cell differentiation and function by preventing entry into the cell cycle. Transplantation83(1),71–76 (2007).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 25  Djouad F, Charbonnier LM, Bouffi C et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the differentiation of dendritic cells through an interleukin-6-dependent mechanism. Stem Cells25(8),2025–2032 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 26  Spaggiari GM, Abdelrazik H, Becchetti F, Moretta L: MSCs inhibit monocyte-derived DC maturation and function by selectively interfering with the generation of immature DCs: central role of MSC-derived prostaglandin E2. Blood113(26),6576–6583 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 27  Selmani Z, Naji A, Gaiffe E et al.: HLA-G is a crucial immunosuppressive molecule secreted by adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Transplantation87(Suppl. 9),S62–S66 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 28  Spaggiari GM, Capobianco A, Becchetti S, Mingari MC, Moretta L: Mesenchymal stem cell-natural killer cell interactions: evidence that activated NK cells are capable of killing MSCs, whereas MSCs can inhibit IL-2-induced NK-cell proliferation. Blood107(4),1484–1490 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 29  Ortiz LA, Dutreil M, Fattman C et al.: Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist mediates the antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect of mesenchymal stem cells during lung injury. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(26),11002–11007 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 30  Raffaghello L, Bianchi G, Bertolotto M et al.: Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neutrophil apoptosis: a model for neutrophil preservation in the bone marrow niche. Stem Cells26(1),151–162 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 31  Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhyan RK, Latsinik NV, Panasyuk AF, Keiliss-Borok IV: Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues. Cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo. Transplantation17(4),331–340 (1974).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 32  Ren G, Zhang L, Zhao X et al.: Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression occurs via concerted action of chemokines and nitric oxide. Cell Stem Cell2(2),141–150 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 33  Koc ON, Gerson Sl, Cooper BW et al.: Rapid hematopoietic recovery after coinfusion of autologous-blood stem cells and culture-expanded marrow mesenchymal stem cells in advanced breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol.18(2),307–316 (2000).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 34  Le Blanc K, Frassoni F, Ball L et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a Phase II study. Lancet371(9624),1579–1586 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 35  Le Blanc K, Rasmusson I, Sundberg B et al.: Treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease with third party haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells. Lancet363(9419),1439–1441 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 36  Ringden O, Uzunel M, Rasmusson I et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of therapy-resistant graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation81(10),1390–1397 (2006).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 37  Polchert D, Sobinsky J, Douglas G et al.: IFN-γ activation of mesenchymal stem cells for treatment and prevention of graft versus host disease. Eur. J. Immunol.38(6),1745–1755 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 38  Augello A, Tasso R, Negrini SM, Cancedda R, Pennesi G: Cell therapy using allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells prevents tissue damage in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum.56(4),1175–1186 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 39  Gerdoni E, Gallo B, Casazza S et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells effectively modulate pathogenic immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann. Neurol.61(3),219–227 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 40  Gonzalez-Rey E, Anderson P, Gonzalez MA, Rico L, Buscher D, Delgado M: Human adult stem cells derived from adipose tissue protect against experimental colitis and sepsis. Gut58(7),929–939 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 41  Gonzalez-Rey E, Gonzalez MA, Varela N et al.: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammatory and T cell responses and induce regulatory T cells in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar
• 42  Haller MJ, Viener HL, Wasserfall C, Brusko T, Atkinson MA, Schatz DA: Autologous umbilical cord blood infusion for Type 1 diabetes. Exp. Hematol.36(6),710–715 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 43  Gennery AR, Cant AJ: Cord blood stem cell transplantation in primary immune deficiencies. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.7(6),528–534 (2007).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 44  Tyndall A, Gratwohl A: Adult stem cell transplantation in autoimmune disease. Curr. Opin. Hematol.16(4),285–291 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 45  Tyndall A, Uccelli A: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for autoimmune diseases: teaching new dogs old tricks. Bone Marrow Transplant.43(11),821–828 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 46  Ramasamy R, Lam EW, Soeiro I, Tisato V, Bonnet D, Dazzi F: Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells: impact on in vivo tumor growth. Leukemia21(2),304–310 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 47  Xu L, Yan J, Chen D et al.: Human neural stem cell grafts ameliorate motor neuron disease in SOD-1 transgenic rats. Transplantation82(7),865–875 (2006).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 48  Corti S, Locatelli F, Papadimitriou D et al.: Neural stem cells LewisX⁺ CXCR4⁺ modify disease progression in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model. Brain130(Pt 5),1289–1305 (2007).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 49  Lu P, Jones LL, Snyder EY, Tuszynski MH: Neural stem cells constitutively secrete neurotrophic factors and promote extensive host axonal growth after spinal cord injury. Exp. Neurol.181(2),115–129 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 50  Yan J, Welsh AM, Bora SH, Snyder EY, Koliatsos VE: Differentiation and tropic/trophic effects of exogenous neural precursors in the adult spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol.480(1),101–114 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 51  Crigler L, Robey RC, Asawachaicharn A, Gaupp D, Phinney DG: Human mesenchymal stem cell subpopulations express a variety of neuro-regulatory molecules and promote neuronal cell survival and neuritogenesis. Exp. Neurol.198(1),54–64 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 52  Kim YJ, Park HJ, Lee G et al.: Neuroprotective effects of human mesenchymal stem cells on dopaminergic neurons through anti-inflammatory action. Glia57(1),13–23 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 53  Park HJ, Lee PH, Bang OY, Lee G, Ahn YH: Mesenchymal stem cells therapy exerts neuroprotection in a progressive animal model of Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurochem.107(1),141–151 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 54  Zwart I, Hill AJ, Al-Allaf F et al.: Umbilical cord blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are neuroprotective and promote regeneration in a rat optic tract model. Exp. Neurol. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 55  Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim SH: Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells for traumatic brain injury in rats: secretion of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of apoptosis. J. Neurotrauma (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar
• 56  Arien-Zakay H, Lecht S, Bercu MM et al.: Neuroprotection by cord blood neural progenitors involves antioxidants, neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. Exp. Neurol.216(1),83–94 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 57  Lorrio S, Sobrado M, Arias E, Roda JM, Garcia AG, Lopez MG: Galantamine postischemia provides neuroprotection and memory recovery against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.322(2),591–599 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 58  Yan YP, Sailor KA, Vemuganti R, Dempsey RJ: Insulin-like growth factor-1 is an endogenous mediator of focal ischemia-induced neural progenitor proliferation. Eur. J. Neurosci.24(1),45–54 (2006).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 59  Croft AP, Przyborski SA: Mesenchymal stem cells expressing neural antigens instruct a neurogenic cell fate on neural stem cells. Exp. Neurol.216(2),329–341 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 60  Li Y, Chen J, Zhang CL et al.: Gliosis and brain remodeling after treatment of stroke in rats with marrow stromal cells. Glia49(3),407–417 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 61  Chen Q, Long Y, Yuan X et al.: Protective effects of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation in injured rodent brain: synthesis of neurotrophic factors. J. Neurosci. Res.80(5),611–619 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 62  Wislet-Gendebien S, Bruyere F, Hans G, Leprince P, Moonen G, Rogister B: Nestin-positive mesenchymal stem cells favour the astroglial lineage in neural progenitors and stem cells by releasing active BMP4. BMC Neurosci.5,33 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 63  Perez-Ilzarbe M, Agbulut O, Pelacho B et al.: Characterization of the paracrine effects of human skeletal myoblasts transplanted in infarcted myocardium. Eur. J. Heart Fail.10(11),1065–1072 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 64  Balsam LB, Wagers AJ, Christensen JL, Kofidis T, Weissman IL, Robbins RC: Haematopoietic stem cells adopt mature haematopoietic fates in ischaemic myocardium. Nature428(6983),668–673 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 65  Murry CE, Soonpaa MH, Reinecke H et al.: Haematopoietic stem cells do not transdifferentiate into cardiac myocytes in myocardial infarcts. Nature428(6983),664–668 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 66  Noiseux N, Gnecchi M, Lopez-Ilasaca M et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Akt dramatically repair infarcted myocardium and improve cardiac function despite infrequent cellular fusion or differentiation. Mol. Ther.14(6),840–850 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 67  Nygren JM, Jovinge S, Breitbach M et al.: Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells generate cardiomyocytes at a low frequency through cell fusion, but not transdifferentiation. Nat. Med.10(5),494–501 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 68  Alvarez-Dolado M, Pardal R, Garcia-Verdugo JM et al.: Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Nature425(6961),968–973 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 69  Takahashi M, Li TS, Suzuki R et al.: Cytokines produced by bone marrow cells can contribute to functional improvement of the infarcted heart by protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.291(2),H886–893 (2006).▪ Demonstrates genetic modification of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in order to more effectively harness stem cell paracrine actions for tissue repair and regeneration.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 70  Uemura R, Xu M, Ahmad N, Ashraf M: Bone marrow stem cells prevent left ventricular remodeling of ischemic heart through paracrine signaling. Circ. Res.98(11),1414–1421 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 71  Xu M, Uemura R, Dai Y, Wang Y, Pasha Z, Ashraf M: In vitro and in vivo effects of bone marrow stem cells on cardiac structure and function. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol.42(2),441–448 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 72  Kubal C, Sheth K, Nadal-Ginard B, Galinanes M: Bone marrow cells have a potent anti-ischemic effect against myocardial cell death in humans. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.132(5),1112–1118 (2006).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 73  Korf-Klingebiel M, Kempf T, Sauer T et al.: Bone marrow cells are a rich source of growth factors and cytokines: implications for cell therapy trials after myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J.29(23),2851–2858 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 74  Singla DK, Lyons GE, Kamp TJ: Transplanted embryonic stem cells following mouse myocardial infarction inhibit apoptosis and cardiac remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.293(2),H1308–H1314 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 75  Gnecchi M, He H, Liang OD et al.: Paracrine action accounts for marked protection of ischemic heart by Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cells. Nat. Med.11(4),367–368 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 76  Gnecchi M, He H, Noiseux N et al.: Evidence supporting paracrine hypothesis for Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cardiac protection and functional improvement. FASEB. J20(6),661–669 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 77  Kupatt C, Bock-Marquette I, Boekstegers P: Embryonic endothelial progenitor cell-mediated cardioprotection requires Thymosin β4. Trends Cardiovasc. Med.18(6),205–210 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 78  Burchfield JS, Iwasaki M, Koyanagi M et al.: Interleukin-10 from transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells contributes to cardiac protection after myocardial infarction. Circ. Res.103(2),203–211 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 79  Estrada R, Li N, Sarojini H, An J, Lee MJ, Wang E: Secretome from mesenchymal stem cells induces angiogenesis via Cyr61. J. Cell. Physiol.219(3),563–571 (2009).▪ Establishes the paracrine actions of embryonic stem cells through their ability to rescue an embryonic lethal defect in the absence of cell engraftment.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 80  Schenke-Layland K, Strem BM, Jordan MC et al.: Adipose tissue-derived cells improve cardiac function following myocardial infarction. J. Surg. Res.153(2),217–223 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 81  Kamihata H, Matsubara H, Nishiue T et al.: Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into ischemic myocardium enhances collateral perfusion and regional function via side supply of angioblasts, angiogenic ligands, and cytokines. Circulation104(9),1046–1052 (2001).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 82  Mourkioti F, Rosenthal N: IGF-1, inflammation and stem cells: interactions during muscle regeneration. Trends Immunol.26(10),535–542 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 83  Neuss S, Becher E, Woltje M, Tietze L, Jahnen-Dechent W: Functional expression of HGF and HGF receptor/c-met in adult human mesenchymal stem cells suggests a role in cell mobilization, tissue repair, and wound healing. Stem Cells22(3),405–414 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 84  Askari AT, Unzek S, Popovic ZB et al.: Effect of stromal-cell-derived factor 1 on stem-cell homing and tissue regeneration in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Lancet362(9385),697–703 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 85  Linke A, Muller P, Nurzynska D et al.: Stem cells in the dog heart are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and regenerate infarcted myocardium, improving cardiac function. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA102(25),8966–8971 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 86  Xu X, Xu Z, Xu Y, Cui G: Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on extracellular matrix after myocardial infarction in rats. Coron. Artery Dis.16(4),245–255 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 87  Ohnishi S, Yasuda T, Kitamura S, Nagaya N: Effect of hypoxia on gene expression of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and mononuclear cells. Stem Cells25(5),1166–1177 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 88  Ohnishi S, Sumiyoshi H, Kitamura S, Nagaya N: Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis through paracrine actions. FEBS Lett.581(21),3961–3966 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 89  Nagaya N, Kangawa K, Itoh T et al.: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation112(8),1128–1135 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 90  Kinnaird T, Stabile E, Burnett MS et al.: Local delivery of marrow-derived stromal cells augments collateral perfusion through paracrine mechanisms. Circulation109(12),1543–1549 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 91  Dib N, Michler RE, Pagani FD et al.: Safety and feasibility of autologous myoblast transplantation in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: four-year follow-up. Circulation112(12),1748–1755 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 92  Siminiak T, Kalawski R, Fiszer D et al.: Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation for the treatment of postinfarction myocardial injury: Phase I clinical study with 12 months of follow-up. Am Heart J148(3),531–537 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 93  Smits PC, Van Geuns RJ, Poldermans D et al.: Catheter-based intramyocardial injection of autologous skeletal myoblasts as a primary treatment of ischemic heart failure: clinical experience with six-month follow-up. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.42(12),2063–2069 (2003).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 94  Menasche P, Alfieri O, Janssens S et al.: The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial: first randomized placebo-controlled study of myoblast transplantation. Circulation117(9),1189–1200 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 95  Wu Y, Chen L, Scott PG, Tredget EE: Mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound healing through differentiation and angiogenesis. Stem Cells25(10),2648–2659 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 96  Chettibi S, Ferguson MWJ: Wound repair: an overview. In: Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates. Gallin JI (Ed.). Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, USA 864–881 (1999).Google Scholar
• 97  Cowin AJ, Brosnan MP, Holmes TM, Ferguson MW: Endogenous inflammatory response to dermal wound healing in the fetal and adult mouse. Dev. Dyn.212(3),385–393 (1998).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 98  Lin CD, Allori AC, Macklin JE et al.: Topical lineage-negative progenitor-cell therapy for diabetic wounds. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.122(5),1341–1351 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 99  Nie C, Yang D, Morris SF: Local delivery of adipose-derived stem cells via acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold: a new promising strategy to accelerate wound healing. Med. Hypotheses72(6),679–682 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 100  Nambu M, Kishimoto S, Nakamura S et al.: Accelerated wound healing in healing-impaired db/db mice by autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal cells combined with atelocollagen matrix. Ann. Plast. Surg.62(3),317–321 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 101  Xing L, Franz MG, Marcelo CL, Smith CA, Marshall VS, Robson MC: Amnion-derived multipotent progenitor cells increase gain of incisional breaking strength and decrease incidence and severity of acute wound failure. J. Burns Wounds7,e5 (2007).Medline, Google Scholar
• 102  Wan DC, Kwan MD, Gupta DM et al.: Global age-dependent differences in gene expression in response to calvarial injury. J. Craniofac. Surg.19(5),1292–1301 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 103  Musgrave DS, Bosch P, Lee JY et al.: Ex vivo gene therapy to produce bone using different cell types. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.378,290–305 (2000).Crossref, Google Scholar
• 104  Mendoza M, Khanna C: Revisiting the seed and soil in cancer metastasis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.41(7),1452–1462 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 105  Erkan M, Kleeff J, Gorbachevski A et al.: Periostin creates a tumor-supportive microenvironment in the pancreas by sustaining fibrogenic stellate cell activity. Gastroenterology132(4),1447–1464 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 106  Moustakas A, Heldin CH: Signaling networks guiding epithelial–mesenchymal transitions during embryogenesis and cancer progression. Cancer Sci.98(10),1512–1520 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 107  Ricciardelli C, Russell DL, Ween MP et al.: Formation of hyaluronan- and versican-rich pericellular matrix by prostate cancer cells promotes cell motility. J. Biol. Chem.282(14),10814–10825 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 108  Ho IA, Chan KY, Ng WH et al.: Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 is necessary for the migration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells toward human glioma. Stem Cells27(6),1366–1375 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 109  Alison MR, Lim S, Houghton J-M: Bone marrow-derived cells and epithelial tumours: more than just an inflammatory relationship. Curr. Opin. Oncol.21,77–82 (2008).Crossref, Google Scholar
• 110  Dietrich J, Imitola J, Kesari S: Mechanisms of disease: the role of stem cells in the biology and treatment of gliomas. Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol.5(7),393–404 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 111  Spaeth E, Klopp A, Dembinski J, Andreeff M, Marini F: Inflammation and tumor microenvironments: defining the migratory itinerary of mesenchymal stem cells. Gene Ther.15(10),730–738 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 112  Walter M, Liang S, Ghosh S, Hornsby PJ, Li R: Interleukin 6 secreted from adipose stromal cells promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncogene (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 113  Andrae J, Gallini R, Betsholtz C: Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine. Genes Dev.22(10),1276–1312 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 114  Dittmer A, Hohlfeld K, Lutzkendorf J, Muller LP, Dittmer J: Human mesenchymal stem cells induce E-cadherin degradation in breast carcinoma spheroids by activating ADAM10. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 115  Ame-Thomas P, Maby-El Hajjami H, Monvoisin C et al.: Human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and lymphoid organs support tumor B-cell growth: role of stromal cells in follicular lymphoma pathogenesis. Blood109(2),693–702 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 116  Zhu W, Xu W, Jiang R et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow favor tumor cell growth in vivo. Exp. Mol. Pathol.80(3),267–274 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 117  Djouad F, Plence P, Bony C et al.: Immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells favors tumor growth in allogeneic animals. Blood102(10),3837–3844 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 118  Pinilla S, Alt E, Abdul Khalek FJ et al.: Tissue resident stem cells produce CCL5 under the influence of cancer cells and thereby promote breast cancer cell invasion. Cancer Lett. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 119  Lu YR, Yuan Y, Wang XJ et al.: The growth inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol. Ther.7(2),245–251 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 120  Baumann M, Krause M, Thames H, Trott K, Zips D: Cancer stem cells and radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Biol.85(5),391–402 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 121  Fabian A, Barok M, Vereb G, Szollosi J: Die hard: are cancer stem cells the Bruce Willises of tumor biology? Cytometry A75(1),67–74 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 122  Jorgensen C: Link between cancer stem cells and adult mesenchymal stromal cells: implications for cancer therapy. Regen. Med.4(2),149–152 (2009).Link, Google Scholar
• 123  Lin T, Jones RJ, Matsui W: Cancer stem cells: relevance to SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant.43(7),517–523 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 124  Marotta LL, Polyak K: Cancer stem cells: a model in the making. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev.19(1),44–50 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 125  Phesse TJ, Clarke AR: Normal stem cells in cancer prone epithelial tissues. Br. J. Cancer100(2),221–227 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 126  Trosko JE: Review paper: cancer stem cells and cancer nonstem cells: from adult stem cells or from reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells. Vet. Pathol.46(2),176–193 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 127  Tu LC, Foltz G, Lin E, Hood L, Tian Q: Targeting stem cells – clinical implications for cancer therapy. Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther.4(2),147–153 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 128  Phillips MI, Tang YL: Genetic modification of stem cells for transplantation. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.60(2),160–172 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 129  Chachques JC, Trainini JC, Lago N, Cortes-Morichetti M, Schussler O, Carpentier A: Myocardial Assistance by Grafting a New Bioartificial Upgraded Myocardium (MAGNUM trial): clinical feasibility study. Ann. Thorac. Surg.85(3),901–908 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 130  Li W, Ma N, Ong LL et al.: Bcl-2 engineered MSCs inhibited apoptosis and improved heart function. Stem Cells25(8),2118–2127 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 131  Tang YL, Tang Y, Zhang YC, Qian K, Shen L, Phillips MI: Improved graft mesenchymal stem cell survival in ischemic heart with a hypoxia-regulated heme oxygenase-1 vector. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.46(7),1339–1350 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 132  Bakshi A, Shimizu S, Keck CA et al.: Neural progenitor cells engineered to secrete GDNF show enhanced survival, neuronal differentiation and improve cognitive function following traumatic brain injury. Eur. J. Neurosci.23(8),2119–2134 (2006).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 133  Tang X, Cai PG, Lin YQ et al.: Genetic engineering neural stem cell modified by lentivirus for repair of spinal cord injury in rats. Chin. Med. Sci. J.21(2),120–124 (2006).Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 134  Cai PQ, Tang X, Lin YQ et al.: The experimental study of genetic engineering human neural stem cells mediated by lentivirus to express multigene. Chin. J. Traumatol.9(1),43–49 (2006).Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 135  Li W, Cai WG, Li CR: Repair of spinal cord injury by neural stem cells modified with BDNF gene in rats. Neurosci. Bull.22(1),34–40 (2006).Medline, Google Scholar
• 136  Kurozumi K, Nakamura K, Tamiya T et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells that produce neurotrophic factors reduce ischemic damage in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Mol. Ther.11(1),96–104 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 137  Kurozumi K, Nakamura K, Tamiya T et al.: BDNF gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells promote functional recovery and reduce infarct size in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Mol. Ther.9(2),189–197 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 138  Schwarz EJ, Alexander GM, Prockop DJ, Azizi SA: Multipotential marrow stromal cells transduced to produce l-DOPA: engraftment in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Hum. Gene Ther.10(15),2539–2549 (1999).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 139  Boison D: Adenosine augmentation therapies (AATs) for epilepsy: prospect of cell and gene therapies. Epilepsy Res. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar
• 140  Boison D: Engineered adenosine-releasing cells for epilepsy therapy: human mesenchymal stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. Neurotherapeutics6(2),278–283 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 141  Guttinger M, Fedele D, Koch P et al.: Suppression of kindled seizures by paracrine adenosine release from stem cell-derived brain implants. Epilepsia46(8),1162–1169 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 142  Li T, Ren G, Kaplan Dl, Boison D: Human mesenchymal stem cell grafts engineered to release adenosine reduce chronic seizures in a mouse model of CA3-selective epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res.84(2–3),238–241 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 143  Thompson K: Transplantation of GABA-producing cells for seizure control in models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurotherapeutics6(2),284–294 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 144  Reinlib L, Field L: Cell transplantation as future therapy for cardiovascular disease? A workshop of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation101(18),E182–E187 (2000).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 145  Haider HK, Elmadbouh I, Jean-Baptiste M, Ashraf M: Nonviral vector gene modification of stem cells for myocardial repair. Mol. Med.14(1–2),79–86 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 146  Duan HF, Wu CT, Wu DL et al.: Treatment of myocardial ischemia with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor. Mol. Ther.8(3),467–474 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 147  Hattan N, Warltier D, Gu W, Kolz C, Chilian WM, Weihrauch D: Autologous vascular smooth muscle cell-based myocardial gene therapy to induce coronary collateral growth. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.287(2),H488–H493 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 148  Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Taketani S et al.: Myocardial regeneration therapy for heart failure: hepatocyte growth factor enhances the effect of cellular cardiomyoplasty. Circulation105(21),2556–2561 (2002).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 149  Murry CE, Kay MA, Bartosek T, Hauschka SD, Schwartz SM: Muscle differentiation during repair of myocardial necrosis in rats via gene transfer with MyoD. J. Clin. Invest.98(10),2209–2217 (1996).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 150  Payne TR, Oshima H, Okada M et al.: A relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenesis, and cardiac repair after muscle stem cell transplantation into ischemic hearts. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.50(17),1677–1684 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 151  Yau TM, Fung K, Weisel RD, Fujii T, Mickle DA, Li RK: Enhanced myocardial angiogenesis by gene transfer with transplanted cells. Circulation104(12 Suppl. 1),I218–I222 (2001).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 152  Yau TM, Li G, Weisel RD et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor transgene expression in cell-transplanted hearts. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.127(4),1180–1187 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 153  Ye L, Haider H, Tan R et al.: Transplantation of nanoparticle transfected skeletal myoblasts overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor-165 for cardiac repair. Circulation116(Suppl. 11),I113–I120 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 154  Zhang M, Mal N, Kiedrowski M et al.: SDF-1 expression by mesenchymal stem cells results in trophic support of cardiac myocytes after myocardial infarction. FASEB J.21(12),3197–3207 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 155  Mirotsou M, Zhang Z, Deb A et al.: Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (Sfrp2) is the key Akt-mesenchymal stem cell-released paracrine factor mediating myocardial survival and repair. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(5),1643–1648 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 156  Gnecchi M, He H, Melo LG et al.: Early beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Akt on cardiac metabolism after myocardial infarction. Stem Cells27(4),971–979 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 157  Gamradt SC, Lieberman JR: Genetic modification of stem cells to enhance bone repair. Ann. Biomed. Eng.32(1),136–147 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 158  Tai K, Pelled G, Sheyn D et al.: Nanobiomechanics of repair bone regenerated by genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng. Part A14(10),1709–1720 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 159  Waese EY, Kandel RA, Stanford WL: Application of stem cells in bone repair. Skeletal Radiol.37(7),601–608 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 160  Dickson PV, Hamner JB, Burger RA et al.: Intravascular administration of tumor tropic neural progenitor cells permits targeted delivery of interferon-β and restricts tumor growth in a murine model of disseminated neuroblastoma. J. Pediatr. Surg.42(1),48–53 (2007).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 161  Ren C, Kumar S, Chanda D et al.: Cancer gene therapy using mesenchymal stem cells expressing interferon-β in a mouse prostate cancer lung metastasis model. Gene Ther.15(21),1446–1453 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 162  Studeny M, Marini FC, Champlin RE, Zompetta C, Fidler IJ, Andreeff M: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as vehicles for interferon-β delivery into tumors. Cancer Res.62(13),3603–3608 (2002).Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 163  Kyriakou CA, Yong KL, Benjamin R et al.: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) expressing truncated soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (tsFlk-1) following lentiviral-mediated gene transfer inhibit growth of Burkitt’s lymphoma in a murine model. J. Gene Med.8(3),253–264 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 164  Stagg J, Lejeune L, Paquin A, Galipeau J: Marrow stromal cells for interleukin-2 delivery in cancer immunotherapy. Hum. Gene Ther.15(6),597–608 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 165  Kucerova L, Altanerova V, Matuskova M, Tyciakova S, Altaner C: Adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stem cells mediated prodrug cancer gene therapy. Cancer Res.67(13),6304–6313 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 166  Kucerova L, Matuskova M, Pastorakova A et al.: Cytosine deaminase expressing human mesenchymal stem cells mediated tumour regression in melanoma bearing mice. J. Gene Med.10(10),1071–1082 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 167  You MH, Kim WJ, Shim W et al.: Cytosine deaminase-producing human mesenchymal stem cells mediate an antitumor effect in a mouse xenograft model. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 168  Sharp FR, Ran R, Lu A et al.: Hypoxic preconditioning protects against ischemic brain injury. NeuroRx1(1),26–35 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 169  He A, Jiang Y, Gui C, Sun Y, Li J, Wang JA: The antiapoptotic effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on ischemic myocardium is enhanced by anoxic preconditioning. Can. J. Cardiol.25(6),353–358 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 170  Creagh EM, Sheehan D, Cotter TG: Heat shock proteins – modulators of apoptosis in tumour cells. Leukemia14(7),1161–1173 (2000).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 171  Mambula SS, Stevenson MA, Ogawa K, Calderwood SK: Mechanisms for Hsp70 secretion: crossing membranes without a leader. Methods43(3),168–175 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 172  Haider H, Ashraf M: Strategies to promote donor cell survival: combining preconditioning approach with stem cell transplantation. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol.45(4),554–566 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 173  Su CY, Chong KY, Chen J, Ryter S, Khardori R, Lai CC: A physiologically relevant hyperthermia selectively activates constitutive hsp70 in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts and confers oxidative protection. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol.31(4),845–855 (1999).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 174  Eberhard J, Zahl A, Dommisch H, Winter J, Acil Y, Jepsen S: Heat shock induces the synthesis of the inflammatory mediator leukotriene β4 in human pulp cells. Int. Endod. J.38(12),882–888 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 175  Afzal MR, Haider HK, Niagara MI, Jiang S, Ahmed R, Ashraf M: Preconditioning promotes survival an proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells in the infarcted rat heart via activation of NF-κB downstream of PI3K/Akt signaling. Circulation68,116 (2007).Google Scholar
• 176  Niagara MI, Haider HK, Jiang S, Ashraf M: Short and long term fate of preconditioned skeletal myoblasts in the infarcted heart and the role of IL11 in cytoprotection of preconditioned cells. Circulation133,116 (2007).Google Scholar
• 177  Niagara MI, Haider H, Jiang S, Ashraf M: Pharmacologically preconditioned skeletal myoblasts are resistant to oxidative stress and promote angiomyogenesis via release of paracrine factors in the infarcted heart. Circ. Res.100(4),545–555 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 178  Wisel S, Khan M, Kuppusamy ML et al.: Pharmacological preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells with trimetazidine (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl]piperazine) protects hypoxic cells against oxidative stress and enhances recovery of myocardial function in infarcted heart through Bcl-2 expression. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.329(2),543–550 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 179  Cizkova D, Rosocha J, Vanicky I, Radonak J, Galik J, Cizek M: Induction of mesenchymal stem cells leads to HSP72 synthesis and higher resistance to oxidative stress. Neurochem. Res.31(8),1011–1020 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 180  Emohare O, Hafez MI, Sandison A, Coombs RR, Mccarthy ID: Laser-induced thermal stress and the heat shock response in neural cells. Acta Orthop. Scand.75(5),610–617 (2004).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 181  Ku CH, Johnson PH, Batten P et al.: Collagen synthesis by mesenchymal stem cells and aortic valve interstitial cells in response to mechanical stretch. Cardiovasc. Res.71(3),548–556 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 182  Schumann D, Kujat R, Nerlich M, Angele P: Mechanobiological conditioning of stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomed. Mater. Eng.16(Suppl. 4),S37–S52 (2006).Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 183  Simmons CA, Matlis S, Thornton AJ, Chen S, Wang CY, Mooney DJ: Cyclic strain enhances matrix mineralization by adult human mesenchymal stem cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. J. Biomech.36(8),1087–1096 (2003).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 184  Ward DF Jr, Salasznyk RM, Klees RF et al.: Mechanical strain enhances extracellular matrix-induced gene focusing and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through an extracellular-related kinase-dependent pathway. Stem Cells Dev.16(3),467–480 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 185  Blum B, Benvenisty N: The tumorigenicity of human embryonic stem cells. Adv. Cancer Res.100,133–158 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 186  Furth ME, Atala A: Stem cell sources to treat diabetes. J. Cell. Biochem.106(4),507–511 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 187  Gruen L, Grabel L: Concise review: scientific and ethical roadblocks to human embryonic stem cell therapy. Stem Cells24(10),2162–2169 (2006).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 188  Xu YX, Chen L, Hou WK et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells treated with rat pancreatic extract secrete cytokines that improve the glycometabolism of diabetic rats. Transplant. Proc.41(5),1878–1884 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 189  Xu RX, Chen X, Chen JH, Han Y, Han BM: Mesenchymal stem cells promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro through hypoxia-induced paracrine mechanisms. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.36(2),176–180 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 190  Wei X, Du Z, Zhao L et al.: IFATS collection: The conditioned media of adipose stromal cells protect against hypoxia–ischemia-induced brain damage in neonatal rats. Stem Cells27(2),478–488 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 191  Cho JA, Park H, Kim HK et al.: Hyperthermia-treated mesenchymal stem cells exert antitumor effects on human carcinoma cell line. Cancer115(2),311–323 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 192  Zheng W, Wang S, Ma D, Tang L, Duan Y, Jin Y: Loss of proliferation and differentiation capacity of aged human periodontal ligament stem cells and rejuvenation by exposure to the young extrinsic environment. Tissue Eng. Part A (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar
• 193  Timmers L, Lim SK, Arslan F et al.: Reduction of myocardial infarct size by human mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res.1(2),129–137 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 194  Gnecchi M, Melo LG: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, expansion, characterization, viral transduction, and production of conditioned medium. Methods Mol. Biol.482,281–294 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 195  Ekblom P, Lonai P, Talts JF: Expression and biological role of laminin-1. Matrix Biol.22(1),35–47 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 196  Hallmann R, Horn N, Selg M, Wendler O, Pausch F, Sorokin LM: Expression and function of laminins in the embryonic and mature vasculature. Physiol. Rev.85(3),979–1000 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 197  Li S, Harrison D, Carbonetto S et al.: Matrix assembly, regulation, and survival functions of laminin and its receptors in embryonic stem cell differentiation. J. Cell Biol.157(7),1279–1290 (2002).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 198  George EL, Baldwin HS, Hynes RO: Fibronectins are essential for heart and blood vessel morphogenesis but are dispensable for initial specification of precursor cells. Blood90(8),3073–3081 (1997).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 199  Glukhova MA, Thiery JP: Fibronectin and integrins in development. Semin. Cancer Biol.4(4),241–249 (1993).Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 200  Brown JC, Timpl R: The collagen superfamily. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.107(4),484–490 (1995).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 201  Saika S, Kawashima Y, Miyamoto T et al.: Immunolocalization of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunits, α-smooth muscle actin, and extracellular matrix components in human lens capsules with lens implants. Exp. Eye Res.66(3),283–294 (1998).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 202  Garcia-Olivas R, Hoebeke J, Castel S et al.: Differential binding of platelet-derived growth factor isoforms to glycosaminoglycans. Histochem. Cell Biol.120(5),371–382 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 203  Rouet V, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Petit E et al.: A synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic binds vascular endothelial growth factor and modulates angiogenesis. J. Biol. Chem.280(38),32792–32800 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 204  Hunter DD, Zhang M, Ferguson JW, Koch M, Brunken WJ: The extracellular matrix component WIF-1 is expressed during, and can modulate, retinal development. Mol. Cell. Neurosci.27(4),477–488 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 205  Sobajima S, Shimer AL, Chadderdon RC et al.: Quantitative analysis of gene expression in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Spine J.5(1),14–23 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 206  Badylak SF: Xenogeneic extracellular matrix as a scaffold for tissue reconstruction. Transpl. Immunol.12(3–4),367–377 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 207  Voytik-Harbin SL, Brightman AO, Kraine MR, Waisner B, Badylak SF: Identification of extractable growth factors from small intestinal submucosa. J. Cell. Biochem.67(4),478–491 (1997).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 208  Mcdevitt CA, Wildey GM, Cutrone RM: Transforming growth factor-β1 in a sterilized tissue derived from the pig small intestine submucosa. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A67(2),637–640 (2003).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 209  Hodde JP, Ernst DM, Hiles MC: An investigation of the long-term bioactivity of endogenous growth factor in OASIS Wound Matrix. J. Wound Care14(1),23–25 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 210  Badylak SF, Tullius R, Kokini K et al.: The use of xenogeneic small intestinal submucosa as a biomaterial for Achilles tendon repair in a dog model. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.29(8),977–985 (1995).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 211  Brown AL, Brook-Allred TT, Waddell JE et al.: Bladder acellular matrix as a substrate for studying in vitro bladder smooth muscle–urothelial cell interactions. Biomaterials26(5),529–543 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 212  Chen GP, Sato T, Ushida T, Hirochika R, Ochiai N, Tateishi T: Regeneration of cartilage tissue by combination of canine chondrocyte and a hybrid mesh scaffold. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Biomimetic Supramol. Syst.24(3),373–378 (2004).Crossref, Google Scholar
• 213  Dahl SL, Koh J, Prabhakar V, Niklason LE: Decellularized native and engineered arterial scaffolds for transplantation. Cell Transplant.12(6),659–666 (2003).Crossref, Google Scholar
• 214  Hopper RA, Woodhouse K, Semple JL: Acellularization of human placenta with preservation of the basement membrane: a potential matrix for tissue engineering. Ann. Plast. Surg.51(6),598–602 (2003).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 215  Hudson TW, Zawko S, Deister C et al.: Optimized acellular nerve graft is immunologically tolerated and supports regeneration. Tissue Eng.10(11–12),1641–1651 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 216  Wilson GJ, Courtman DW, Klement P, Lee JM, Yeger H: Acellular matrix: a biomaterials approach for coronary artery bypass and heart valve replacement. Ann. Thorac. Surg.60(Suppl. 2),S353–S358 (1995).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 217  Abraham GA, Murray J, Billiar K, Sullivan SJ: Evaluation of the porcine intestinal collagen layer as a biomaterial. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.51(3),442–452 (2000).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 218  Wilshaw SP, Kearney JN, Fisher J, Ingham E: Production of an acellular amniotic membrane matrix for use in tissue engineering. Tissue Eng.12(8),2117–2129 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 219  Wei HJ, Chen SC, Chang Y et al.: Porous acellular bovine pericardia seeded with mesenchymal stem cells as a patch to repair a myocardial defect in a syngeneic rat model. Biomaterials27(31),5409–5419 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 220  Pham Q, Kasper F, Mistry A et al.: Analysis of the osteoinductive capacity and angiogenicity of an in vitro generated extracellular matrix. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 221  Ott HC, Matthiesen TS, Goh SK et al.: Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature’s platform to engineer a bioartificial heart. Nat. Med.14(2),213–221 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 222  Badylak S, Obermiller J, Geddes L, Matheny R: Extracellular matrix for myocardial repair. Heart Surg. Forum6(2),E20–E26 (2003).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 223  Kochupura PY, Azeloglu EU, Kelly DJ et al.: Tissue-engineered myocardial patch derived from extracellular matrix provides regional mechanical function. Circulation112(Suppl. 9),I144–I149 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 224  Chang Y, Chen SC, Wei HJ et al.: Tissue regeneration observed in a porous acellular bovine pericardium used to repair a myocardial defect in the right ventricle of a rat model. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.130(3),705–711 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 225  Schenke-Layland K, Rofail F, Heydarkhan S et al.: The use of three-dimensional nanostructures to instruct cells to produce extracellular matrix for regenerative medicine strategies. Biomaterials (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 226  Throm AM, Liu WC, Lock CH, Billiar KL: Development of a cell-derived matrix: effects of epidermal growth factor in chemically defined culture. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar
• 227  Jin CZ, Choi BH, Park SR, Min BH: Cartilage engineering using cell-derived extracellular matrix scaffold in vitro. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 228  Chen XD, Dusevich V, Feng JQ, Manolagas SC, Jilka RL: Extracellular matrix made by bone marrow cells facilitates expansion of marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells and prevents their differentiation into osteoblasts. J. Bone Miner. Res.22(12),1943–1956 (2007).▪ Verifies the complex combination of molecules harbored within stem cell-derived extracellular matrix and the ability of an acellular matrix to elicit a biological response in vivo.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 229  Datta N, Holtorf HL, Sikavitsas VI, Jansen JA, Mikos AG: Effect of bone extracellular matrix synthesized in vitro on the osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. Biomaterials26(9),971–977 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 230  Pham QP, Kasper FK, Mistry AS et al.: Analysis of the osteoinductive capacity and angiogenicity of an in vitro generated extracellular matrix. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A88(2),295–303 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 231  Aizman I, Tate CC, Mcgrogan M, Case CC: Extracellular matrix produced by bone marrow stromal cells and by their derivative, SB623 cells, supports neural cell growth. J. Neurosci. Res. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar
• 232  Nair R, Ngangan AV, Mcdevitt TC: Efficacy of solvent extraction methods for acellularization of embryoid bodies. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed.19(6),801–819 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar
• 233  Nair R, Shukla S, Mcdevitt TC: Acellular matrices derived from differentiating embryonic stem cells. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A87(4),1075–1085 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
• 234  Ngangan AV, Mcdevitt TC: Acellularization of embryoid bodies via physical disruption methods. Biomaterials30(6),1143–1149 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar