Special Report

Stem and progenitor cell microenvironment for bone regeneration and repair

Charles C Lee

Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

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Naoki Hirasawa

Molecular Matrix, Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA

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Katrina G Garcia

Molecular Matrix, Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA

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Dinesh Ramanathan

Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

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Kee D Kim

*Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 916 734 3658;

E-mail Address: kdkim@ucdavis.edu

Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

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Published Online:8 Aug 2019https://doi.org/10.2217/rme-2018-0044

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Abstract

Stem cells reside in their native microenvironment, which provides dynamic physical and chemical cues essential to their survival, proliferation and function. A typical cell-based therapeutic approach requires the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to depart their native microenvironment, transplant to in-vivo environment, differentiate toward multiple lineages and participate in bone formation. The long-term survival, function and fate of MSC are dependent on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. Transplantation of morselized autologous bone, which contains both stem cells and their native microenvironment, results in a good clinical outcome. However, implantation of bone graft substitutes does not provide the complete and dynamic microenvironment for MSC. Current bone graft therapeutics may need to be improved further to provide an optimal engineered MSC microenvironment.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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Vol. 14, No. 7

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History

Received 11 April 2018

Accepted 17 June 2019

Published online 8 August 2019

Published in print July 2019

Information

Keywords

Financial & competing interests disclosure

CC Lee is currently the chief executive officer of Molecular Matrix, Inc. that develops a hyper-crosslinked carbohydrate polymer for bone regeneration. N Hirasawa and K Garcia are currently employed by Molecular Matrix, Inc. K Kim is on the board of directors for Molecular Matrix, Inc. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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