Review

Carbon nanostructures for orthopedic medical applications

Lei Yang

School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA

Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation (IMNI), Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA

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Lijuan Zhang

Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation (IMNI), Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA

Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA

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Thomas J Webster

† Author for correspondence

Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

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Email the corresponding author at thomas_webster@brown.edu

Published Online:20 Sep 2011https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.11.107

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Abstract

Carbon nanostructures (including carbon nanofibers, nanostructured diamond, fullerene materials and so forth) possess extraordinary physiochemical, mechanical and electrical properties attractive to bioengineers and medical researchers. In the past decade, numerous developments towards the fabrication and biological studies of carbon nanostructures have provided opportunities to improve orthopedic applications. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date review on carbon nanostructure advances in orthopedic research. Orthopedic medical device applications of carbon nanotubes/carbon nanofibers and nanostructured diamond (including particulate nanodiamond and nanocrystalline diamond coatings) are emphasized here along with other carbon nanostructures that have promising potential. In addition, widely used fabrication techniques for producing carbon nanostructures in both the laboratory and in industry are briefly introduced. In conclusion, carbon nanostructures have demonstrated tremendous promise for orthopedic medical device applications to date, and although some safety, reliability and durability issues related to the manufacturing and implantation of carbon nanomaterials remain, their future is bright.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest ▪▪ of considerable interest

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The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

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