Research Article

Improved oral nutraceutical-based intervention for the management of obesity: pterostilbene-loaded chitosan nanoparticles

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum square, Azarita, Postal code: 21521, Alexandria, Egypt

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Amal H El-Kamel

*Author for correspondence: Tel.: +20 100 508 0510;

E-mail Address: amalelkamel@alexu.edu.eg

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8773-5365

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum square, Azarita, Postal code: 21521, Alexandria, Egypt

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Radwa A Mehanna

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4464

Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and its Applications CERRMA, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

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Hoda M Khalifa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-8286

Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

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Passainte S Hassaan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-7784

Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

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Published Online:6 Sep 2022https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2022-0158

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Abstract

Aim: To formulate and assess the oral anti-obesity effect of polymeric-based pterostilbene (PS)-loaded nanoparticles. Methods: Pterostilbene–hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (PS/HPβCD-NPs) were prepared and characterized in vitro. Cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and anti-obesity effects were assessed on Caco-2 cell line and high-fat-diet-induced obesity rat model, respectively. In vivo assessment included histological examination, protein and gene expression of obesity biomarkers in adipose tissues. Results: Safe PS/HPβCD-NPs were successfully prepared with improved bioavailability compared with free PS. PS/HPβCD-NPs showed an improved anti-obesity effect, as supported by histological examination, lipid profile, UCP1 gene expression and protein expression of SIRT1, COX2, IL-6 and leptin. Conclusion: Orally administered PS nanoparticles represent a new and promising anti-obesity strategy owing to the sustainable weight loss and minimal side effects; this may be of great socio-economic impact.

Plain language summary

Weight gain or obesity represents a major health risk and leads to diseases including cancer and heart disease. Most anti-obesity medications have significant side effects, and there are notable challenges concerning their availability in the body to produce an effect. Pterostilbene is a herbal drug with beneficial anti-obesity effects. However, it has problems such as poor solubility which restrict its use. The aim of the study was to formulate pterostilbene in a nano-based delivery system and fully characterize its anti-obesity effect when given orally. We evaluated the safety and anti-obesity effects of pterostilbene nanoparticles in cells and in obese rats fed on a high-fat diet. We also looked at how the body absorbs, distributes and gets rid of these nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were nontoxic, with an improved anti-obesity effect; they decreased cholesterol levels and helped in changing white fat (which stores fat) to brown fat (which burns calories). We conclude that the developed pterostilbene nanoparticles, given orally, are a new and promising anti-obesity strategy given their long-lasting effect on weight loss and the minimal side effects. This may be of great economic and societal impact.

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Vol. 17, No. 15

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Received 24 June 2022

Accepted 18 August 2022

Published online 6 September 2022

Published in print June 2022

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Supplementary data

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at: www.futuremedicine.com/doi/suppl/10.2217/nnm-2022-0158

Author contributions

L Heikal, R Mehanna and A El-Kamel had substantial contributions to the design of the work; L Heikal and P Hassaan contributed to acquisition and analysis of the data, and L Heikal, H Khalifa and P Hassaan contributed to interpretation of data. L Heikal and P Hassaan contributed to drafting the work while R Mehanna, H Khalifa and A El-Kamel critically revised the work for important intellectual content. L Heikal, A El-Kamel, R Mehanna, H Khalifa and P Hassaan had the final approval of the version to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that all experimental methods were carried out based on the ethical guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals of Alexandria University (approval no. 06/2021/8/24/3/107) established by the Institutional Animal Care and Ethical Committee

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