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Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas SN, Jaén E-23071, Spain

Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain

Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Department Medical Oncology, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, E-18014 Granada, Spain

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Gema Jiménez

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-879X

Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain

Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Granada, E-18071, Spain

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María A García

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-3769

Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain

Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Granada, E-18071, Spain

Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology & Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

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Juan A Marchal

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4996-8261

Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain

Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Granada, E-18071, Spain

Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, Granada E-18016, Spain

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Macarena Perán

*Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: mperan@ujaen.es

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-2347

Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas SN, Jaén E-23071, Spain

Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain

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Published Online:24 Sep 2020https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2020-0234

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Abstract

The use of nanotechnology has become a promising approach in the treatment of cancer. However, most intravenously injected nanoparticles (NPs) do not effectively reach the tumor mass due to the biological barriers in the body. In an attempt to unify clinical criteria and basic research, we have collected the latest studies and described novel alternatives such as the use of NPs covered with cell membranes to increase NP delivery efficiency. Furthermore, we focus on the prospect of using the cell's natural messengers, exosomes, as vehicles to transport anti-cancer agents and we discuss the technical complications involved. Finally, we propose novel approaches to produce engineered exosomes which may overcome such technical limitations in order to achieve a proper anti-cancer nanotherapy.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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Vol. 15, No. 23

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History

Received 4 June 2020

Accepted 31 July 2020

Published online 24 September 2020

Published in print October 2020

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Keywords

Author contributions

P Hernández-Camarero and V Amezcua-Hernández literature revision, interpretation and drafting the manuscript. G Jiménez designing and drawing the figures and the article review. MA García-Chaves and JA Marchal designing of the study and the article review. M Perán conception and designing of the study, literature interpretation, article review and the final approval of the submitted manuscript.

Acknowledgments

We thank S Barungi for her careful reading and editing of the manuscript.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

P Hernández-Camarero is supported by an FPU grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. This work has been partially funded by the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6109/UGR, and with grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEDER funds, projects no. PIE16/00045), from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (ref. RTI2018-101309-B-C22), and from the Chair ‘Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research’ (CMC-CTS963). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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Clinical failure of nanoparticles in cancer: mimicking nature's solutions

Abstract

References