We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×
Skip main navigation
Aging Health
Bioelectronics in Medicine
Biomarkers in Medicine
Breast Cancer Management
CNS Oncology
Colorectal Cancer
Concussion
Epigenomics
Future Cardiology
Future Microbiology
Future Neurology
Future Oncology
Future Rare Diseases
Future Virology
Hepatic Oncology
HIV Therapy
Immunotherapy
International Journal of Endocrine Oncology
International Journal of Hematologic Oncology
Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Lung Cancer Management
Melanoma Management
Nanomedicine
Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Pain Management
Pediatric Health
Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics
Regenerative Medicine

Nanotargeted agents: an emerging therapeutic strategy for breast cancer

    Manling Du

    College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China

    ‡Authors contributed equally

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Yong Ouyang

    Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510800, PR China

    ‡Authors contributed equally

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Fansu Meng

    Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of TCM, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, PR China

    ‡Authors contributed equally

    Search for more papers by this author

    ,
    Qianqian Ma

    College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China

    ,
    Hui Liu

    College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China

    ,
    Yong Zhuang

    College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China

    ,
    Mujuan Pang

    College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China

    ,
    Tiange Cai

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: caitiange@163.com

    College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China

    &
    Yu Cai

    **Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: caiyu8@sohu.com

    College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China

    Cancer Research Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0481

    Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide and represents 12% of all cancer cases. Improvements in survival rates are largely attributed to improved screening and diagnosis. Conventional chemotherapy remains an important treatment option but it is beset with poor cell selectivity, serious side effects and resistance. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems bring promising opportunities to breast cancer treatment. They may improve chemotherapy by targeting drugs to tumors, generating high drug concentrations at tumors providing slow release of the drug, increased drug stability and concomitant reductions in side effects. The nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches and the current research and application status of nano-targeted agents for breast cancer are discussed in this review to provide a basis for further study on targeted drug delivery systems.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

    References

    • 1. Jain V, Jain S, Mahajan SC. Nanomedicines based drug delivery systems for anti-cancer targeting and treatment. Curr. Drug Deliv. 12(2), 177–191 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 2. Adair JH, Parette MP, Altınoglu EI, Kester M. Nanoparticulate alternatives for drug delivery. ACS Nano 4(9), 4967–4970 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 3. Langer R. Polymer-controlled drug delivery systems. Acc. Chem. Res. 26(10), 537–542 (1993).Crossref, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 4. Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA. Anticancer activity of an ultrasonic nanoemulsion formulation of Nigella sativa L. essential oil on human breast cancer cells. Ultrason. Sonochem. 31, 449–455 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 5. Talegaonkar S, Negi LM. Nanoemulsion in drug targeting. In: Targeted Drug Delivery: Concepts and Design. Springer International Publishing, Basel, Switzerland, 433–459 (2015).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 6. Dos Santos Camara AL, Nagel G, Tschiche HR et al. Acid-sensitive lipidated doxorubicin prodrug entrapped in nanoemulsion impairs lung tumor metastasis in a breast cancer model. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 12(15), 1751–1765 (2017).LinkGoogle Scholar
    • 7. Gao Y, Zhang W, Sun T. Local transdermal delivery of 10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin by nanoemulsion for breast cancer prevention. J. Control Rel. 259, e180–e181 (2017).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 8. Wang Y, Wen Q, Choi S. FDA’s regulatory science program for generic PLA/PLGA-based drug products. Am. Pharm. Rev. 19(4), 5–9 (2016).Google Scholar
    • 9. Lee BK, Yun Y, Park K. PLA micro- and nano-particles. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 107, 176–191 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 10. Cai C, Xie Y, Wu L et al. PLGA-based dual targeted nanoparticles enhance miRNA transfection efficiency in hepatic carcinoma. Sci. Rep. 7, 46250 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 11. Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Data mining as a guide for the construction of cross-linked nanoparticles with low immunotoxicity via control of polymer chemistry and supramolecular assembly. Acc. Chem. Res. 48(6), 1620–1630 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 12. Otto DP, Otto A, De Villiers MM. Differences in physicochemical properties to consider in the design, evaluation and choice between microparticles and nanoparticles for drug delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 12(5), 763–777 (2015). • Emphasizes the impact of physicochemical properties on nanosized drug delivery systems.Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 13. Guo S, Huang L. Nanoparticles escaping RES and endosome: challenges for siRNA delivery for cancer therapy. J. Nanomater. 2011, 11 (2011).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 14. Esfandyari-Manesh M, Darvishi B, Ishkuh FA et al. Paclitaxel molecularly imprinted polymer-PEG-folate nanoparticles for targeting anticancer delivery: characterization and cellular cytotoxicity. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 62, 626–633 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 15. Devulapally R, Foygel K, Sekar TV, Willmann JK, Paulmurugan R. Gemcitabine and antisense-microRNA co-encapsulated PLGA-PEG polymer nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(49), 33412–33422 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 16. Surnar B, Sharma K, Jayakannan M. Core–shell polymer nanoparticles for prevention of GSH drug detoxification and cisplatin delivery to breast cancer cells. Nanoscale 7(42), 17964–17979 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 17. Ye YJ, Wang Y, Lou KY, Chen YZ, Chen R, Gao F. The preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic studies of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel/dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Int. J. Nanomedicine 10, 4309–4319 (2015).Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 18. Bowerman CJ, Byrne JD, Chu KS et al. Docetaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles improve efficacy in taxane-resistant triple-negative breast cancer. Nano. Lett. 17(1), 242–248 (2017). • Demonstrates the antitumor effect of poly(lac-tic-co-glycolic acid)-docetaxel nanoparticles.Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 19. Khanna C, Rosenberg M, Vail DM. A review of paclitaxel and novel formulations including those suitable for use in dogs. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 29(4), 1006–1012 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 20. Palumbo R, Sottotetti F, Trifiro G et al. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) as second-line chemotherapy in HER2-negative, taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients: prospective evaluation of activity, safety, and quality of life. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 9, 2189–2199 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 21. Denkert C, Von Minckwitz G, Brase JC et al. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without carboplatin in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and triple-negative primary breast cancers. J. Clin. Oncol. 33(9), 983–991 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 22. Kita-Tokarczyk K, Grumelard J, Haefele T, Meier W. Block copolymer vesicles – using concepts from polymer chemistry to mimic biomembranes. Polymer 46(11), 3540–3563 (2005).Crossref, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 23. Ghaffar KA, Giddam AK, Zaman M, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Liposomes as nanovaccine delivery systems. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 14(9), 1194–1208 (2014).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 24. Reynolds JG, Geretti E, Hendriks BS et al. HER2-targeted liposomal doxorubicin displays enhanced anti-tumorigenic effects without associated cardiotoxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 262(1), 1–10 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 25. Torchilin VP. Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 4(2), 145–160 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 26. Gabizon A, Shmeeda H, Barenholz Y. Pharmacokinetics of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: review of animal and human studies. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 42(5), 419–436 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 27. Khoshtinat Nikkhoi S, Rahbarizadeh F, Ahmadvand D, Moghimi SM. Multivalent targeting and killing of HER2 overexpressing breast carcinoma cells with methotrexate-encapsulated tetra-specific non-overlapping variable domain heavy chain anti-HER2 antibody-PEG-liposomes: in vitro proof-of-concept. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 122, 42–50 (2018).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 28. Wu L, Zhang J, Watanabe W. Physical and chemical stability of drug nanoparticles. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63(6), 456–469 (2011).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 29. Muller RH, Mader K, Gohla S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery – a review of the state of the art. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 50(1), 161–177 (2000).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 30. Campos J, Varas-Godoy M, Haidar ZS. Physicochemical characterization of chitosan-hyaluronan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of paclitaxel: a proof-of-concept study in breast cancer cells. Nanomedicine 12(5), 473–490 (2017).Link, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 31. Yuan Q, Han J, Cong W et al. Docetaxel-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles suppress breast cancer cells growth with reduced myelosuppression toxicity. Int. J. Nanomedicine 9, 4829–4846 (2014).MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 32. Baek J-S, Na Y-G, Cho C-W. Sustained cytotoxicity of wogonin on breast cancer cells by encapsulation in solid lipid nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 8(3), 159 (2018).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 33. Fangueiro JF, Andreani T, Fernandes L et al. Physicochemical characterization of epigallocatechin gallate lipid nanoparticles (EGCG-LNs) for ocular instillation. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 123, 452–460 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 34. Doktorovova S, Souto EB, Silva AM. Nanotoxicology applied to solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers – a systematic review of in vitro data. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 87(1), 1–18 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 35. Shi S, Han L, Deng L et al. Dual drugs (microRNA-34a and paclitaxel)-loaded functional solid lipid nanoparticles for synergistic cancer cell suppression. J. Control Rel. 194, 228–237 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 36. Deng H, Zhang Y, Wang X et al. Balancing the stability and drug release of polymer micelles by the coordination of dual-sensitive cleavable bonds in cross-linked core. Acta. Biomater. 11, 126–136 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 37. Zhang F, Zhang S, Pollack SF et al. Improving paclitaxel delivery: in vitro and in vivo characterization of PEGylated polyphosphoester-based nanocarriers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(5), 2056–2066 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 38. Gulfam M, Matini T, Monteiro PF, Riva R, Collins H. Bioreducible cross-linked core polymer micelles enhance in vitro activity of methotrexate in breast cancer cells. Biomater. Sci. 5(3), 532–550 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 39. Zhong Y, Goltsche K, Cheng L et al. Hyaluronic acid-shelled acid-activatable paclitaxel prodrug micelles effectively target and treat CD44-overexpressing human breast tumor xenografts in vivo. Biomaterials 84, 250–261 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 40. Beloqui A, Solinis MA, Rodriguez-Gascon A, Almeida AJ, Preat V. Nanostructured lipid carriers: promising drug delivery systems for future clinics. Nanomedicine 12(1), 143–161 (2016). • Describes the current state of the art of nanostructured lipid carriers as controlled drug delivery systems and discusses the major challenges in the use of nanostructured lipid carriers.Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 41. Naseri N, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: structure, preparation and application. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 5(3), 305–313 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 42. Li Q, Cai T, Huang Y, Xia X, Cole SPC, Cai Y. A review of the structure, preparation, and application of NLCs, PNPs, and PLNs. Nanomaterials (Basel) 7(6), 122 (2017). •• introduces nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles and polymer nanoparticles. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 43. Muller RH, Radtke M, Wissing SA. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54(Suppl. 1), S131–S155 (2002).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 44. Battaglia L, Gallarate M. Lipid nanoparticles: state of the art, new preparation methods and challenges in drug delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 9(5), 497–508 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 45. Fang CL, Al-Suwayeh SA, Fang JY. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for drug delivery and targeting. Recent Pat. Nanotechnol. 7(1), 41–55 (2013).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 46. Yang Y, Corona A 3rd, Schubert B, Reeder R, Henson MA. The effect of oil type on the aggregation stability of nanostructured lipid carriers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 418, 261–272 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 47. Sun M, Nie S, Pan X, Zhang R, Fan Z, Wang S. Quercetin-nanostructured lipid carriers: characteristics and anti-breast cancer activities in vitro. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 113, 15–24 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 48. Rahman HS, Rasedee A, How CW et al. Zerumbone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, characterization, and antileukemic effect. Int. J. Nanomedicine 8, 2769–2781 (2013).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 49. Fang JY, Fang CL, Liu CH, Su YH. Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for topical psoralen delivery: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) versus nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 70(2), 633–640 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 50. Liu D, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhang N. Nanostructured lipid carriers as novel carrier for parenteral delivery of docetaxel. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 85(2), 262–269 (2011).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 51. Gabizon A, Amitay Y, Tzemach D, Gorin J, Shmeeda H, Zalipsky S. Therapeutic efficacy of a lipid-based prodrug of mitomycin C in PEGylated liposomes: studies with human gastro-entero-pancreatic ectopic tumor models. J. Control Rel. 160(2), 245–253 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 52. Yang XZ, Dou S, Wang YC et al. Single-step assembly of cationic lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for systemic delivery of siRNA. ACS Nano 6(6), 4955–4965 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 53. Zheng Y, Yu B, Weecharangsan W et al. Transferrin-conjugated lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles for targeted delivery of aromatase inhibitor 7α-APTADD to breast cancer cells. Int. J. Pharm. 390(2), 234–241 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 54. Garg NK, Tyagi RK, Sharma G et al. Functionalized lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles mediated codelivery of methotrexate and aceclofenac: a synergistic effect in breast cancer with improved pharmacokinetics attributes. Mol. Pharm. 14(6), 1883–1897 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 55. Zhang L, Zhu D, Dong X et al. Folate-modified lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for targeted paclitaxel delivery. Int. J. Nanomedicine 10, 2101–2114 (2015).MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 56. Zhang RX, Cai P, Zhang T et al. Polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles synchronize pharmacokinetics of co-encapsulated doxorubicin–mitomycin C and enable their spatiotemporal co-delivery and local bioavailability in breast tumor. Nanomedicine 12(5), 1279–1290 (2016).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 57. Barenholz Y. Doxil(R) – the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J. Control Rel. 160(2), 117–134 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 58. Danhier F. To exploit the tumor microenvironment: since the EPR effect fails in the clinic, what is the future of nanomedicine? J. Control Rel. 244(Pt A), 108–121 (2016). •• Emphasizes the current state of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Discusses the relationship between tumor targeting and the tumor microenvironment.Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 59. Petros RA, Desimone JM. Strategies in the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 9(8), 615–627 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 60. Singh AV, Raichur AM, Dyawanapelly S. Conjugates, polymer–drug: targeted cancer treatment. Encyclopedia of Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterial. Taylor and Francis, New York, USA, 2089–2112 (2015).Google Scholar
    • 61. Tang X, Loc WS, Dong C et al. The use of nanoparticulates to treat breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 12(19), 2367–2388 (2017).Link, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 62. Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. A review of clinical translation of inorganic nanoparticles. AAPS J. 17(5), 1041–1054 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 63. Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. Nanoparticles in the clinic. Bioeng. Transl. Med. 1(1), 10–29 (2016).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 64. Wilhelm S, Tavares AJ, Dai Q et al. Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumors. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16014 (2016).Crossref, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 65. Fang J, Nakamura H, Maeda H. The EPR effect: unique features of tumor blood vessels for drug delivery, factors involved, and limitations and augmentation of the effect. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63(3), 136–151 (2011).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 66. Maeda H. Polymer therapeutics and the EPR effect. J. Drug Target. 25(9–10), 781–785 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 67. Kumari P, Ghosh B, Biswas S. Nanocarriers for cancer-targeted drug delivery. J. Drug Target. 24(3), 179–191 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 68. Albanese A, Tang PS, Chan WC. The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 14, 1–16 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 69. Gref R, Minamitake Y, Peracchia MT, Trubetskoy V, Torchilin V, Langer R. Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres. Science 263(5153), 1600–1603 (1994).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 70. Perrault SD, Walkey C, Jennings T, Fischer HC, Chan WC. Mediating tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles through design. Nano lett. 9(5), 1909–1915 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 71. Sanchez-Moreno P, Buzon P, Boulaiz H et al. Balancing the effect of corona on therapeutic efficacy and macrophage uptake of lipid nanocapsules. Biomaterials 61, 266–278 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 72. Badawy AME, Luxton TP, Silva RG, Scheckel KG, Suidan MT, Tolaymat TM. Impact of environmental conditions (pH, ionic strength, and electrolyte type) on the surface charge and aggregation of silver nanoparticles suspensions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44(4), 1260–1266 (2010).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 73. Suman TY, Rajasree SRR, Jayaseelan C et al. GC-MS analysis of bioactive components and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hybanthus enneaspermus at room temperature evaluation of their stability and its larvicidal activity. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 23(3), 2705–2714 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 74. Sun Q, Cai X, Li J, Zheng M, Chen Z, Yu C-P. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using tea leaf extract and evaluation of their stability and antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 444, 226–231 (2014).Crossref, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 75. Shi C, Zhang Z, Wang F, Ji X, Zhao Z, Luan Y. Docetaxel-loaded PEO–PPO–PCL/TPGS mixed micelles for overcoming multidrug resistance and enhancing antitumor efficacy. J. Mater. Chem. B 3(20), 4259–4271 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 76. Guo Y, He W, Yang S, Zhao D, Li Z, Luan Y. Co-delivery of docetaxel and verapamil by reduction-sensitive PEG-PLGA-SS-DTX conjugate micelles to reverse the multi-drug resistance of breast cancer. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 151, 119–127 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 77. Nikpoor AR, Tavakkol-Afshari J, Gholizadeh Z et al. Nanoliposome-mediated targeting of antibodies to tumors: IVIG antibodies as a model. Int. J. Pharm. 495(1), 162–170 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 78. Abbasi S, Paul A, Shao W, Prakash S. Cationic albumin nanoparticles for enhanced drug delivery to treat breast cancer: preparation and in vitro assessment. J. Drug Deliv. 2012, 686108 (2012).MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 79. Lammers T, Kiessling F, Hennink WE, Storm G. Drug targeting to tumors: principles, pitfalls and (pre-) clinical progress. J. Control Rel. 161(2), 175–187 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 80. Bazak R, Houri M, El Achy S, Kamel S, Refaat T. Cancer active targeting by nanoparticles: a comprehensive review of literature. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 141(5), 769–784 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 81. Xu H, Aguilar ZP, Yang L et al. Antibody conjugated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer cell separation in fresh whole blood. Biomaterials 32(36), 9758–9765 (2011).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 82. Mu Q, Kievit FM, Kant RJ, Lin G, Jeon M, Zhang M. Anti-HER2/neu peptide-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel to breast cancer cells. Nanoscale 7(43), 18010–18014 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 83. Wolff AC, Wang M, Li H et al. Phase II trial of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin plus docetaxel with and without trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial E3198. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 121(1), 111–120 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 84. Brinkman AM, Chen G, Wang Y et al. Aminoflavone-loaded EGFR-targeted unimolecular micelle nanoparticles exhibit anti-cancer effects in triple negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 101, 20–31 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 85. Jin H, Pi J, Zhao Y et al. EGFR-targeting PLGA-PEG nanoparticles as a curcumin delivery system for breast cancer therapy. Nanoscale 9(42), 16365–16374 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 86. Singh SK, Singh S, Lillard JW Jr., Singh R. Drug delivery approaches for breast cancer. Int. J. Nanomedicine 12, 6205–6218 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 87. Yu DH, Lu Q, Xie J, Fang C, Chen HZ. Peptide-conjugated biodegradable nanoparticles as a carrier to target paclitaxel to tumor neovasculature. Biomaterials 31(8), 2278–2292 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 88. Feng Q, Yu M-Z, Wang J-C et al. Synergistic inhibition of breast cancer by co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and paclitaxel via vapreotide-modified core–shell nanoparticles. Biomaterials 35(18), 5028–5038 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 89. Xiang D, Shigdar S, Qiao G et al. Nucleic acid aptamer-guided cancer therapeutics and diagnostics: the next generation of cancer medicine. Theranostics 5(1), 23–42 (2015).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 90. Ngamcherdtrakul W, Morry J, Gu S et al. Cationic polymer modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted siRNA delivery to HER2+ breast cancer. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(18), 2646–2659 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 91. Song X, Ren Y, Zhang J et al. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin to breast cancer cells by aptamer functionalized DOTAP/DOPE liposomes. Oncol. Rep. 34(4), 1953–1960 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 92. Gunduz U, Keskin T, Tansik G et al. Idarubicin-loaded folic acid conjugated magnetic nanoparticles as a targetable drug delivery system for breast cancer. Biomed. Pharmacother. 68(6), 729–736 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 93. Ding L, Li J, Huang R et al. Salvianolic acid B protects against myocardial damage caused by nanocarrier TiO2; and synergistic anti-breast carcinoma effect with curcumin via codelivery system of folic acid-targeted and polyethylene glycol-modified TiO2 nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomedicine 11, 5709–5727 (2016).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 94. Banu H, Sethi DK, Edgar A et al. Doxorubicin loaded polymeric gold nanoparticles targeted to human folate receptor upon laser photothermal therapy potentiates chemotherapy in breast cancer cell lines. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 149, 116–128 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 95. Koning GA, Eggermont AM, Lindner LH, Ten Hagen TL. Hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposomes for improved delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to solid tumors. Pharm. Res. 27(8), 1750–1754 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 96. Lale SV, Kumar A, Naz F, Bharti AC, Koul V. Multifunctional ATRP based pH responsive polymeric nanoparticles for improved doxorubicin chemotherapy in breast cancer by proton sponge effect/endo-lysosomal escape. Polym. Chem. 6(11), 2115–2132 (2015).Crossref, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 97. Kocbek P, Kralj S, Kreft ME, Kristl J. Targeting intracellular compartments by magnetic polymeric nanoparticles. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 50(1), 130–138 (2013).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 98. Rudokas M, Najlah M, Alhnan MA, Elhissi A. Liposome delivery systems for inhalation: a critical review highlighting formulation issues and anticancer applications. Med. Princ. Pract. 25(Suppl. 2), 60–72 (2016).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 99. Jahanshahi M, Aghajani H, Ling TC. Assembly and purification of nanostructure bioproducts: protein nanoparticle characterizations and non-stick exterior coating adsorbents. Int. J. Nanoscience Nanotechnology (IJNN) 1(1), 9–19 (2005).Google Scholar
    • 100. Cho W-S, Cho M, Jeong J et al. Size-dependent tissue kinetics of PEG-coated gold nanoparticles. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 245(1), 116–123 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 101. Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I. Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arab. J. Chem. (2017). doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.011 (In press).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 102. Saptarshi SR, Duschl A, Lopata AL. Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins: relation to bio-reactivity of the nanoparticle. J. Nanobiotechnology 11, 26 (2013).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 103. Liu Y, Rohrs J, Wang P. Advances and challenges in the use of nanoparticles to optimize PK/PD interactions of combined anti-cancer therapies. Curr. Drug Metab. 15(8), 818–828 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 104. Rodallec A, Fanciullino R, Lacarelle B, Ciccolini J. Seek and destroy: improving PK/PD profiles of anticancer agents with nanoparticles. Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. 11(6), 599–610 (2018).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar