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Nanopharmaceuticals and nanomedicines currently on the market: challenges and opportunities

    Fatemeh Farjadian

    Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran

    ,
    Amir Ghasemi

    Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9466, Iran

    Advances Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-4535, Iran

    ,
    Omid Gohari

    Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9466, Iran

    ,
    Amir Roointan

    Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran

    ,
    Mahdi Karimi

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: m_karimy2006@yahoo.com

    Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran

    Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran

    Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA

    &
    Michael R Hamblin

    **Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: Hamblin@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

    Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA

    Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

    Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0120

    There has been a revolution in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. Since 1980, there has been a remarkable increase in approved nano-based pharmaceutical products. These novel nano-based systems can either be therapeutic agents themselves, or else act as vehicles to carry different active pharmaceutical agents into specific parts of the body. Currently marketed nanostructures include nanocrystals, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles, PEGylated polymeric nanodrugs, other polymers, protein-based nanoparticles and metal-based nanoparticles. A range of issues must be addressed in the development of these nanostructures. Ethics, market size, possibility of market failure, costs and commercial development, are some topics which are on the table to be discussed. After passing all the ethical and biological assessments, and satisfying the investors as to future profitability, only a handful of these nanoformulations, successfully obtained marketing approval. We survey the range of nanomedicines that have received regulatory approval and are marketed. We discuss ethics, costs, commercial development and possible market failure. We estimate the global nanomedicine market size and future growth. Our goal is to summarize the different approved nanoformulations on the market, and briefly cover the challenges and future outlook.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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