Supplement

*Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: thomas.berger@i-med.ac.at

Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

Published Online:16 Nov 2017https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2017-0033

Abstract

Nonimaging biomarkers can be applied in differential diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression and therapy monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). Presence of oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid is a diagnostic element and a negative predictor of MS evolution. AQP4 antibodies are pathogenic and diagnostic for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein develop in about 50% of predominantly pediatric patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, but their possible role in pathogenesis is unknown. Currently, there are no individualized biomarkers suitable to track disease progression. Neutralizing antibodies against IFN-β, natalizumab and daclizumab arise with variable frequency and reduce treatment efficacy. The anti-John Cunningham virus antibody index has potential as a biomarker for risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Keywords:

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Vol. 7, No. 6s

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History

Received 8 September 2017

Accepted 19 September 2017

Published online 16 November 2017

Published in print November 2017

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Keywords

Financial & competing interests disclosure

In the last 12 months, T Berger has participated in meetings sponsored by, and has received honoraria for lectures, advisory boards and consultations, from pharmaceutical companies marketing treatments for multiple sclerosis: Almirall, Biogen, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche and Sanofi Aventis/Teva. During the same period T Berger's institution received financial support by unrestricted research grants from Biogen, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi Aventis/Teva; and participated in multiple sclerosis clinical trials sponsored by Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche and Sanofi Aventis/Teva. The author has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Writing assistance was provided by Content Ed Net (Madrid, Spain), with funding from Almirall SA (Barcelona, Spain).

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Biomarkers in the evolution of multiple sclerosis

Abstract

References