Review

Development of a new tuberculosis vaccine: is there value in the mucosal approach?

Gil Reynolds Diogo

St George's Hospital, Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK

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Rajko Reljic

*Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: rreljic@sgul.ac.uk

St George's Hospital, Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK

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Published Online:23 Oct 2014https://doi.org/10.2217/imt.14.62

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Abstract

TB is a global health problem, killing 1.5 million people every year. The only currently available vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, is effective against severe childhood forms, but it demonstrates a variable efficacy against the pulmonary form of TB in adults. Many of these adult TB cases result from the reactivation of an initially controlled, latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Effective prophylactic vaccination remains the key long-term strategy for combating TB. Continued belief in reaching this goal requires unrelenting innovation in the formulation and delivery of candidate vaccines. It is also based on the assumption, that the failure of recent human vaccine trials could have been due to a suboptimal vaccine design and delivery, and therefore should not erode the key principle that a TB vaccine is an attainable target. This report gives a brief overview of the mucosal immune system in the context of M. tuberculosis infection, and focuses on the most recent advances in the field of mucosal TB vaccine development, with a specific emphasis on subunit TB vaccines.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank M Paul and P Martins for assistance with the graphics.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

R Reljic's position is funded by Sir Joseph Hotung Foundation. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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