Review

Specific therapy to regulate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: molecular aspects

Laboratory of Immunology & Cellular & Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas City, México

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Roberto González-Amaro

Department of Immunology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

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Diana Patricia Portales-Pérez

Laboratory of Immunology & Cellular & Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

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Published Online:4 Jun 2014https://doi.org/10.2217/imt.14.26

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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which persistent inflammation of synovial tissue results in a progressive functional decline of the joint and premature mortality. TNF inhibitors were the first biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat RA. Since then, new biological drugs have emerged, such as inhibitors of IL-1, IL-6 and others, with different mechanisms of action that include the depletion of B cells and the inhibition of T-cell costimulation. Recently, RA treatments have incorporated the use of synthetic DMARDs. This review describes the molecular aspects of the mechanisms of action of biological and synthetic DMARDs, discusses the adverse effects and limitations of established therapies and analyses the alternative approaches to RA treatment.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have highlighted as: • of interest •• of considerable interest

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Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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