Review

DNA-based influenza vaccines as immunoprophylactic agents toward universality

Han Zhang

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA

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Mohamed E El Zowalaty

*Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: elzow001@gmail.com

;

E-mail Address: melzowalaty@qu.edu.qa

Biomedical Research Center, Vice President Office for Research, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar

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Published Online:17 Dec 2015https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.15.110

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Abstract

Influenza is an illness of global public health concern. Influenza viruses have been responsible for several pandemics affecting humans. Current influenza vaccines have proved satisfactory safety; however, they have limitations and do not provide protection against unexpected emerging influenza virus strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to conventional influenza vaccines. The development of universal influenza vaccines will help alleviate the severity of influenza pandemics. Influenza DNA vaccines have been the subject of many studies over the past decades due to their ability to induce broad-based protective immune responses in various animal models. The present review highlights the recent advances in influenza DNA vaccine research and its potential as an affordable universal influenza vaccine.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr Richard W Compans, professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Influenza Pathogenesis and Immunology Research Center and department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, for his revising and critical reading of the manuscript. The authors would like to thank Dr Agnieszka Sirko, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland and Dr Philippe Le Mercier, ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, for their help. ME El Zowalaty and co author thank Dr Anibal Armien, director and faculty supervisor of Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA, for his valuable assistance in electron microscopy. The electron microscope images were part of ME El Zowalaty's research studies on avian influenza virus surveillance conducted as part of his doctoral research work performed at the University of Minnesota (Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA).

Financial & competing interests disclosure

None to declare. Authors were affiliated with the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Authors’ contribution

ME El Zowalaty and H Zhang contributed equally in writing the first draft of the manuscript, ME El Zowalaty played a major role in editing and revising the manuscript for submission. ME El Zowalaty compiled and generated the figures; the electron microscope images were part of ME El Zowalaty's research studies on avian influenza virus surveillance in the mid-west region of the USA conducted as part of his doctoral research work performed at the department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Virology and Serology Section, Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. Authors have critically revised the manuscript at all stages of submission and have approved final manuscript for publication.

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