Review

It is all about location: how to pinpoint microorganisms and their functions in multispecies biofilms

Angela M Costa

LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal

INEB – Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Filipe J Mergulhão

LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Romain Briandet

Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France

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Nuno F Azevedo

*Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: nazevedo@fe.up.pt

LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Published Online:26 Jul 2017https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2017-0053

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Abstract

Multispecies biofilms represent the dominant mode of life for the vast majority of microorganisms. Bacterial spatial localization in such biostructures governs ecological interactions between different populations and triggers the overall community functions. Here, we discuss the pros and cons of fluorescence-based techniques used to decipher bacterial species patterns in biofilms at single cell level, including fluorescence in situ hybridization and the use of genetically modified bacteria that express fluorescent proteins, reporting the significant improvements of those techniques. The development of tools for spatial and temporal study of multispecies biofilms will allow live imaging and spatial localization of cells in naturally occurring biofilms coupled with metabolic information, increasing insight of microbial community and the relation between its structure and functions.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge networking support by the COST Action FA1202. AM Costa was supported by the European Research Project SusClean (FP7-KBBE-2011-5, project number: 287514), and by the FCT fellowship SFRH/BPD/109446/2015. The authors are solely responsible for this work. J Deschamps and the INRA MIMA2 imaging platform are acknowledged for real-time CLSM images.

Disclaimer

The views expressed in this review do not represent the opinion of the Community, and the Community is not responsible for any use that might be made of data appearing herein.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This work was financially supported by: Project UID/EQU/00511/2013-LEPABE, by the FCT/MEC with national funds and when applicable co-funded by FEDER in the scope of the P2020 Partnership Agreement; Project NORTE-07–0124-FEDER-000025 – RL2_ Environment & Health, by FEDER funds through ‘Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade – COMPETE’, by the ‘Programa Operacional do Norte’ (ON2) program and by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (DNAmimics Research Project PIC/IC/82815/2007). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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