We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×
Skip main navigation
Aging Health
Bioelectronics in Medicine
Biomarkers in Medicine
Breast Cancer Management
CNS Oncology
Colorectal Cancer
Concussion
Epigenomics
Future Cardiology
Future Medicine AI
Future Microbiology
Future Neurology
Future Oncology
Future Rare Diseases
Future Virology
Hepatic Oncology
HIV Therapy
Immunotherapy
International Journal of Endocrine Oncology
International Journal of Hematologic Oncology
Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine
Lung Cancer Management
Melanoma Management
Nanomedicine
Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Pain Management
Pediatric Health
Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics
Regenerative Medicine
Research Article

MiR-377 reverses cancerous phenotypes of pancreatic cells via suppressing DNMT1 and demethylating tumor suppressor genes

    Masoumeh Azizi

    Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Pezhman Fard-Esfahani

    Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh

    Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli

    Department of Surgery, Division of Colo-Rectal Surgery, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Kayhan Azadmanesh

    Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    ,
    Sirous Zeinali

    Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    &
    Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi

    *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +98 216 695 331119 ext 2455; Fax: +98 216 648 0780;

    E-mail Address: lteimoori@pasteur.ac.ir

    Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/epi-2016-0175

    Aim: The aim was to investigate the effect of miR-377 on DNMT1 expression and cancer phenotype in pancreatic cancer cells. Materials & methods: Real-time PCR, luciferase assay, MTT and Annexin-PI staining were used. Results: Decreased miR-377 and increased DNMT1 (verified as a target for mir-377) levels in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines in comparison with normal tissues was confirmed to be influenced by promoter methylation. Also hypermethylation of BNIP3, SPARC, TFPI2 and PENK promoters was observed in tumor samples but not in normal tissues which negatively correlated with their expression. Restoration of miR-377 resulted in a reduction of the expression of DNMT1 and reactivation of BNIP3 and SPARC genes via promoter demethylation. Furthermore, enhanced expression of miR-377 could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Conclusion: Our findings showed that miR-377 through targeting DNMT1 could reduce DNA methylation of some tumor suppressor genes and restore their expression in pancreatic cancer cells.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest

    References

    • 1 Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J. Clin. 63(1), 11–30 (2013).
    • 2 Li J, Wientjes MG, Au JL. Pancreatic cancer: pathobiology, treatment options, and drug delivery. AAPS J. 12(2), 223–232 (2010).
    • 3 Werner J, Combs SE, Springfeld C, Hartwig W, Hackert T, Buchler MW. Advanced-stage pancreatic cancer: therapy options. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 10(6), 323–333 (2013).
    • 4 Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 371(11), 1039–1049 (2014).
    • 5 Delpu Y, Hanoun N, Lulka H et al. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Curr. Genomics 12(1), 15–24 (2011).
    • 6 Arai E, Kanai Y. DNA methylation profiles in precancerous tissue and cancers: carcinogenetic risk estimation and prognostication based on DNA methylation status. Epigenomics 2(3), 467–481 (2010).
    • 7 Jair KW, Bachman KE, Suzuki H et al. De novo CpG island methylation in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 66(2), 682–692 (2006).
    • 8 Denis H, Ndlovu MN, Fuks F. Regulation of mammalian DNA methyltransferases: a route to new mechanisms. EMBO Rep. 12(7), 647–656 (2011). • A review about the regulatory mechanisms involved in the dynamic interplay between interdependent post-translational modifications that regulate DNMTs, post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs and the emerging role of noncoding RNA in targeting mammalian DNMTs.
    • 9 Ting AH, Jair KW, Schuebel KE, Baylin SB. Differential requirement for DNA methyltransferase 1 in maintaining human cancer cell gene promoter hypermethylation. Cancer Res. 66(2), 729–735 (2006).
    • 10 Li A, Omura N, Hong SM, Goggins M. Pancreatic cancer DNMT1 expression and sensitivity to DNMT1 inhibitors. Cancer Biol. Ther. 9(4), 321–329 (2010).
    • 11 Goyal R, Rathert P, Laser H, Gowher H, Jeltsch A. Phosphorylation of serine-515 activates the mammalian maintenance methyltransferase Dnmt1. Epigenetics 2(3), 155–160 (2007).
    • 12 Kanai Y, Hirohashi S. Alterations of DNA methylation associated with abnormalities of DNA methyltransferases in human cancers during transition from a precancerous to a malignant state. Carcinogenesis 28(12), 2434–2442 (2007).
    • 13 Etoh T, Kanai Y, Ushijima S et al. Increased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein expression correlates significantly with poorer tumor differentiation and frequent DNA hypermethylation of multiple CpG islands in gastric cancers. Am. J. Pathol. 164(2), 689–699 (2004).
    • 14 Saito Y, Kanai Y, Nakagawa T et al. Increased protein expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 is significantly correlated with the malignant potential and poor prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer 105(4), 527–532 (2003).
    • 15 Peng DF, Kanai Y, Sawada M et al. Increased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein expression in precancerous conditions and ductal carcinomas of the pancreas. Cancer Sci. 96(7), 403–408 (2005).
    • 16 Sun M, Hurst LD, Carmichael GG, Chen J. Evidence for a preferential targeting of 3′-UTRs by cis-encoded natural antisense transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res. 33(17), 5533–5543 (2005).
    • 17 Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 116(2), 281–297 (2004).
    • 18 Friedman RC, Farh KK, Burge CB, Bartel DP. Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs. Genome Res. 19(1), 92–105 (2009).
    • 19 Suzuki H, Maruyama R, Yamamoto E, Kai M. DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation in cancer. Mol. Oncol. 6(6), 567–578 (2012). • Describes the role of DNA methylation in microRNA dysregulation in cancer and explains that the aberrant DNA methylation of miRNA genes is a potentially useful biomarker for detecting cancer and predicting its outcome.
    • 20 Rachagani S, Kumar S, Batra SK. MicroRNA in pancreatic cancer: pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Cancer Lett. 292(1), 8–16 (2010). • Describes the differential expression pattern of miRNAs in pancreatic tumors and their use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
    • 21 Vasilatou D, Papageorgiou SG, Dimitriadis G, Pappa V. Epigenetic alterations and microRNAs: new players in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Epigenetics 8(6), 561–570 (2013).
    • 22 Hildebrandt MA, Gu J, Lin J et al. Hsa-miR-9 methylation status is associated with cancer development and metastatic recurrence in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 29(42), 5724–5728 (2010).
    • 23 Kozaki K, Imoto I, Mogi S, Omura K, Inazawa J. Exploration of tumor-suppressive microRNAs silenced by DNA hypermethylation in oral cancer. Cancer Res. 68(7), 2094–2105 (2008).
    • 24 Hanoun N, Delpu Y, Suriawinata AA et al. The silencing of microRNA 148a production by DNA hypermethylation is an early event in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Clin. Chem. 56(7), 1107–1118 (2010). • Hypermethylation and inactivation of miRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an early event during pancreatic carcinogenesis and these differentially methylated regions can serve as a diagnostic marker for PDAC.
    • 25 Stumpel DJ, Schotte D, Lange-Turenhout EA et al. Hypermethylation of specific microRNA genes in MLL-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia: major matters at a micro scale. Leukemia 25(3), 429–439 (2011).
    • 26 Kita Y, Vincent K, Natsugoe S, Berindan-Neagoe I, Calin GA. Epigenetically regulated microRNAs and their prospect in cancer diagnosis. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 14(6), 673–683 (2014).
    • 27 Lomberk GA, Iovanna J, Urrutia R. The promise of epigenomic therapeutics in pancreatic cancer. Epigenomics 8(6), 831–842 (2016).
    • 28 Braconi C, Huang N, Patel T. MicroRNA-dependent regulation of DNA methyltransferase-1 and tumor suppressor gene expression by interleukin-6 in human malignant cholangiocytes. Hepatology 51(3), 881–890 (2010).
    • 29 Azizi M, Teimori-Toolabi L, Arzanani MK et al. MicrRNA-148b and microRNA-152 reactivate tumor suppressor genes through suppressin of DNA methyltransferase-1 gene in panvreatic cancer cell line. Cancer Biol. Ther. 14(5), 419–427 (2014).
    • 30 Pfaffl MW, Horgan GW, Dempfle L. Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 30(9), e36 (2002).
    • 31 Chen C, Ridzon DA, Broomer AJ et al. Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 33(20), e179 (2005).
    • 32 Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Paryan M, MirabSamiee S et al. Development of a robust, low cost stem-loop real-time quantification PCR technique for miRNA expression analysis. Mol. Biol. Rep. 40(5), 3665–3674 (2013).
    • 33 The mfold Web Server. http://mfold.rna.albany.edu/?q=mfold/.
    • 34 DataBase of CpG islands and Analytical Tools (DBCAT). http://dbcat.cgm.ntu.edu.tw/.
    • 35 John B, Enright AJ, Aravin A, Tuschl T, Sander C, Marks DS. Human microRNA targets. PLoS Biol. 2(11), e363 (2004).
    • 36 Lewis BP, Shih I-H, Jones-Rhoades MW, Bartel DP, Burge CB. Prediction of mammalian microRNA targets. Cell 115(7), 787–798 (2003).
    • 37 Krek A, Grün D, Poy MN et al. Combinatorial microRNA target predictions. Nat. Genetics 37(5), 495–500 (2005).
    • 38 Omura N, Goggins M. Epigenetics and epigenetic alterations in pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2(4), 310–326 (2009).
    • 39 Mizuno S, Chijiwa T, Okamura T et al. Expression of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, 3A, and 3B in normal hematopoiesis and in acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 97(5), 1172–1179 (2001).
    • 40 Nguyen T, Kuo C, Nicholl MB et al. Downregulation of microRNA-29c is associated with hypermethylation of tumor-related genes and disease outcome in cutaneous melanoma. Epigenetics 6(3), 388–394 (2011).
    • 41 Huang J, Wang Y, Guo Y, Sun S. Down-regulated microRNA-152 induces aberrant DNA methylation in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1. Hepatology 52(1), 60–70 (2010).
    • 42 Formosa A, Markert EK, Lena AM et al. MicroRNAs, miR-154, miR-299–5p, miR-376a, miR-376c, miR-377, miR-381, miR-487b, miR-485–3p, miR-495 and miR-654–3p, mapped to the 14q32.31 locus, regulate proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in metastatic prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 33(44), 5173–5182 (2013).
    • 43 Zhang L, Volinia S, Bonome T et al. Genomic and epigenetic alterations deregulate microRNA expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105(19), 7004–7009 (2008).
    • 44 Wong KY, Yu L, Chim CS. DNA methylation of tumor suppressor miRNA genes: a lesson from the miR-34 family. Epigenomics 3(1), 83–92 (2011). • Describes the role of miRNA methylation, in particular miR-34a, the gene structure of the miR-34 family of miRNA genes, the tumor suppressor role of miR-34a and the deregulation of miR-34a by DNA methylation in both epithelial and hematological cancers.
    • 45 Zhang S, Hao J, Xie F et al. Downregulation of miR-132 by promoter methylation contributes to pancreatic cancer development. Carcinogenesis 32(8), 1183–1189 (2011).
    • 46 Guo X, Xia J, Yan J. Promoter methylated microRNAs: potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer (Review). Mol. Med. Rep. 11(2), 759–765 (2015).
    • 47 Manuyakorn A, Paulus R, Farrell J et al. Cellular histone modification patterns predict prognosis and treatment response in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: results from RTOG 9704. J. Clin. Oncol. 28(8), 1358–1365 (2010).
    • 48 Zhang W, Dahlberg JE, Tam W. MicroRNAs in tumorigenesis: a primer. Am. J. Pathol. 171(3), 728–738 (2007).
    • 49 Venturelli S, Berger A, Weiland T et al. Differential induction of apoptosis and senescence by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors 5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in solid tumor cells. Mol. Cancer Ther. 12(10), 2226–2236 (2013). • Describing antiproliferative activity, cytotoxicity, gene demethylation, transcription, natural killer(NK) cell activity, or DNA repair effects of the 2 closely related DNMTi nucleoside analogues 5-aza-CR and 5-aza-dC in solid tumor cells.
    • 50 Azad MB, Gibson SB. Role of BNIP3 in proliferation and hypoxia-induced autophagy: implications for personalized cancer therapies. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1210, 8–16 (2010).
    • 51 Okami J, Simeone DM, Logsdon CD. Silencing of the hypoxia-inducible cell death protein BNIP3 in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 64(15), 5338–5346 (2004).
    • 52 Abe T, Toyota M, Suzuki H et al. Upregulation of BNIP3 by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to hypoxia-mediated cell death. J. Gastroenterol. 40(5), 504–510 (2005).
    • 53 Sato N, Fukushima N, Maehara N et al. SPARC/osteonectin is a frequent target for aberrant methylation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and a mediator of tumor-stromal interactions. Oncogene 22(32), 5021–5030 (2003).
    • 54 Puolakkainen PA, Brekken RA, Muneer S, Sage EH. Enhanced growth of pancreatic tumors in SPARC-null mice is associated with decreased deposition of extracellular matrix and reduced tumor cell apoptosis. Mol. Cancer Res. 2(4), 215–224 (2004).
    • 55 Mahadevan D, Von Hoff DD. Tumor–stroma interactions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6(4), 1186–1197 (2007).