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Methods of rapid diagnosis for the etiology of meningitis in adults

    Nathan C Bahr

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: bahrx026@umn.edu

    Division of Infectious Disease & International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

    Center for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

    &
    David R Boulware

    Division of Infectious Disease & International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

    Center for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm.14.67

    Infectious meningitis may be due to bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal or viral agents. Diagnosis of meningitis must take into account numerous items of patient history and symptomatology along with regional epidemiology and basic cerebrospinal fluid testing (protein, etc.) to allow the clinician to stratify the likelihood of etiology possibilities and rationally select additional diagnostic tests. Culture is the mainstay for diagnosis in many cases, but technology is evolving to provide more rapid, reliable diagnosis. The cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay (Immuno-Mycologics) has revolutionized diagnosis of cryptococcosis and automated nucleic acid amplification assays hold promise for improving diagnosis of bacterial and mycobacterial meningitis. This review will focus on a holistic approach to diagnosis of meningitis as well as recent technological advances.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest.

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