Review

Biomarkers for the diagnosis of new and recurrent prostate cancer

Girish Sardana

Ontario Cancer Biomarker Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

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Eleftherios P Diamandis

Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

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Email the corresponding author at ediamandis@mtsinai.on.ca

Published Online:17 Oct 2012https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm.12.72

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Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men and can be managed effectively if diagnosed early and monitored. Currently, prostate-specific antigen testing in conjunction with a digital rectal exam has been utilized for screening at-risk men. However, the lack of specificity of prostate-specific antigen as a marker for prostate cancer combined with the asymptomatic and slow-growing nature of prostate tumors has resulted in many men being overdiagnosed and subjected to surgery or treatment with adverse side effects. The focus in the research community currently has been on discovering noninvasive surrogate markers such as proteins, circulating tumor cells and nucleic acids in the blood or urine of patients with prostate cancer. These markers, in combination with prostate-specific antigen, are providing promise that a personalized multiparametric approach to prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring will aid in managing this disease.

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The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

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