We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×
Skip main navigation
Aging Health
Bioelectronics in Medicine
Biomarkers in Medicine
Breast Cancer Management
CNS Oncology
Colorectal Cancer
Concussion
Epigenomics
Future Cardiology
Future Microbiology
Future Neurology
Future Oncology
Future Rare Diseases
Future Virology
Hepatic Oncology
HIV Therapy
Immunotherapy
International Journal of Endocrine Oncology
International Journal of Hematologic Oncology
Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Lung Cancer Management
Melanoma Management
Nanomedicine
Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Pain Management
Pediatric Health
Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics
Regenerative Medicine

Role of serum P1NP measurement for monitoring treatment response in osteoporosis

    Michael Samoszuk

    † Author for correspondence

    Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, PO Box 50457, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0457, USA.

    ,
    Michael Leuther

    Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, PO Box 50457, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0457, USA.

    &
    Nicholas Hoyle

    Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, PO Box 50457, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0457, USA.

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/17520363.2.5.495

    Osteoporosis is a generalized, essentially age related, skeletal disorder characterized by fragile bone. It is a major public health problem because of the high cumulative risk of bone fractures in affected populations. Although there is currently no cure for osteoporosis, there are effective treatments that can prevent additional bone loss by inhibiting the degradation of mature bone (antiresorptive therapy) or, ideally, reverse bone loss and thus increase bone density by stimulating the formation of new bone (anabolic therapy). Unfortunately, there is often poor adherence to and persistence with therapy in patients with osteoporosis because of the lack of timely positive reinforcement regarding the beneficial effects of treatment on bone density. Recently, however, substantial evidence has accumulated that a serum biomarker of bone formation, amino pro-peptide of type 1 collagen, can accurately identify those patients who are responding to anabolic or antiresorptive therapy within 3 months of the start of treatment. The use of this biomarker in patients being treated for osteoporosis may significantly improve therapy adherence and clinical outcomes.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as either of interest (•) or of considerable interest (••) to readers.

    Bibliography

    • Sambrook P, Cooper C: Osteoporosis. Lancet367,2010–2018 (2006).•• Provides an outstanding overview of the clinical and pathologic features of osteoporosis.Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • Department of Health and Human Services. Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. Rockville, USA (2004).• Excellent summary of bone metabolism and the epidemiology of osteoporosis.Google Scholar
    • Styrkarsdottir U, Halldorsson B, Gretarsdottir S et al.: Multiple genetic loci for bone mineral density and fractures. N. Engl. J. Med.358,2355–2365 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • Vesper H, Cosman F, Endres D et al.: Application of biochemical markers of bone turnover in the assessment and monitoring of bone diseases; approved guideline. NCCLS24(22),1–8 (2004).•• Technical document provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the various biomarkers that are available for assessing bone turnover.Google Scholar
    • Martin TJ, Sims NA: Osteoclast-derived activity in the coupling of bone formation to resorption. Trends Mol. Med.11(2),76–81 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL: Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature423,337–342 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • Huybrechts KF, Ishak KJ, Caro JJ: Assessment of compliance with osteoporosis treatment and its consequences in a managed care population. Bone38,922–928 (2006).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • Tosteson AN, Grove MR, Hammond CS et al.: Early discontinuation of treatment for osteoporosis. Am. J. Med.115(3),209–216 (2003).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • Delmas PD, Brijens B, Eastell R et al.: Effect of monitoring bone turnover markers on persistence with risedronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.92(4),1296–1304 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 10  Clowes JA, Peel NFA, Eastell R: The impact of monitoring on adherence and persistence with antiresorptive treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.89(3),1117–1123 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 11  Bonnick SL, Shulman L: Monitoring osteoporosis therapy: bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, or both? Am. J. Med.119(4A),25S–31S (2006).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 12  Compston JE, Seeman E: Compliance with osteoporosis therapy is the weakest link. Lancet368,973–947 (2006).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 13  Lekkerkerker F, Kanis JA, Alsayed N et al.: Adherence to treatment of osteoporosis: a need for study. Osteoporos. Int.18,1311–1317 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 14  Garnero P, Vergnaud P, Hoyle N: Evaluation of a fully automated serum assay for total N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clin. Chem.54(1),188–196 (2008).•• Presents detailed performance data for an automated assay for P1NP and also provides an excellent review of clinical and biological properties of this biomarker.Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 15  Black DM, Greenspan SL, Ensrud KE et al.: The effects of PTH(1–84) and alendronate alone or in combination in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N. Engl. J. Med.349,1207–1215 (2003).•• Key paper describing the use of N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) to measure the clinical response to alendronate and parathyroid hormone (1–84).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 16  Reginster JY, Sarkar S, Zegels B et al.: Reduction in P1NP, a marker of bone metabolism, with raloxifene treatment and its relationship with vertebral fracture risk. Bone34,344–351 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 17  Sebba AI, Bonnick SL, Kagan R et al.: Response to therapy with once-weekly alendronate 70 mg compared to once-weekly risedronate 35 mg in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.20,2031–2041 (2004).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 18  Rosen CJ, Hochberg MC, Bonnick SL et al.: Treatment with once-weekly alendronate 70 mg compared with once-weekly risedronate 35 mg in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized double-blind study. J. Bone Miner. Res.20(1) 141–151 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 19  Tahtela R, Seppanen J, Laitinen K, Katajamaki A, Risteli J, Valimaki MJ: Serum tartrate-resistent acid phosphatase 5b in monitoring bisphosphonate treatment with clodronate: a comparison with urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and serum type I procollagen amino-terminal propetide. Osteoporos. Int.16,1109–1116 (2005).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 20  Black DM, Bilezikian JP, Ensrud KE et al.: One year of alendronate after one year of PTH(1–84) for osteoporosis. N. Engl. J. Med.353(6),555–565 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 21  Chen P, Satterwhite JH, Licata AA et al.: Early changes in biochemical markers of bone formation predict BMD response to teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res.20(6),962–970 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 22  Nenonen A, Cheng S, Ivaska KK et al.: Serum TRACP 5b is a useful marker for monitoring alendronate treatment: comparison with other markers of bone turnover. J. Bone Miner. Res.20(8),1804–1812 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 23  Deal C, Omizo M, Schwartz EN et al.: Combination teriparatide and raloxifene therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis: results form a 6-month double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J. Bone Miner. Res.20(11),1905–1911 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 24  McClung MR, San Martin J, Miller PD et al.: Opposite bone remodeling effects of teriparatide and alendronate in increasing bone mass. Arch. Intern. Med.165,1762–1768 (2005).• Provides a detailed discussion of the opposite effects of bisphosphonates and anabolic therapy on bone turnover markers such as P1NP.Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 25  Eastell R, Krege JH, Chen Peiqu, Glass EV, Reginster J-Y: Development of an algorithm for using P1NP to monitor treatment of patients with teriparatide. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.22(1),61–66 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 26  Krege JH, Blumsohn A, Nickelsen TA, Marin F, Chen P, Eastell R: Testing an algorithm for using P1NP to monitor treatment of patients with teriparatide. J. Bone Miner. Res.21(Suppl. 1),S302 (2006).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 27  Middleton ET, Steel SA, Doherty SM: The effect of prior bisphosphonate exposure on the treatment response to teriparatide in clinical practice. Calcif. Tissue Int.81,335–340 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 28  Anastasilakis AD, Goulis DG, Polyzos SA et al.: Head-to-head comparison of risedronate vs. teriparatide on bone turnover markers in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized trial. Int. J. Clin. Pract.1768,1–6 (2008).Google Scholar
    • 29  Miller PD: Monitoring osteoporosis therapies. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep.5(1),38–43 (2007).•• Outstanding summary of the clinical value of monitoring osteoporosis therapy.Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 30  Odvina CV, Zerwekh JE, Rao DS, Maalouf N, Gottschalk FA, Pak CY: Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.90,1294–1301 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 31  Armamento-Villareal R, Panwar V, Novack D: Suppressed bone turnover during alendronate therapy for high-turnover osteoporosis. N. Engl. J. Med.355(19),2048–2050 (2006).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 32  Schneider JP: Should bisphosphonates be continued indefinitely? An unusual fracture in a healthy woman on long-term alendronate. Geriatrics61,31–33 (2006).MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 33  Goh SK, Yang KY, Koh JS et al.: Subtrochanteric insufficiency fractures in patients on alendronate therapy: a caution. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.89,349–353 (2007).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 34  Imai K, Yamamoto S, Anamizu Y, Horiuchi T: Pelvic insufficiency fracture associated with severe suppression of bone turnover by alendronate therapy. J. Bone Miner. Metab.25,333–336 (2007).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 35  Cheung RKH, Leung KK, Lee KC, Chow TC: Sequential non-traumatic femoral shaft fractures in a patient on long-term alendronate. Hong Kong Med. J.13,485–489 (2007).MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 36  Lenart BA, Lorich DG, Lane JM: Atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis in postmenopausal women taking alendronate. N. Engl. J. Med.358,1304–1306 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 37  Neviaser AS, Lane JM, Lenart BA, Edobor-Osula F, Lorich DG: Low-energy femoral shaft fractures associated with alendronate use. J. Orthop. Trauma.22(5),346–350 (2008).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 38  Kwek EBK, Goh SK, Koh JSB, Png MA, Howe TS: An emerging pattern of subtrochanteric stress fractures: a long-term complication of alendronate therapy? Injury Int. J. Care Injured39,224–231 (2008).Crossref, MedlineGoogle Scholar
    • 39  Visekruna M, Wilson D, McKiernan FE: Severely suppressed bone turnover and atypical skeletal fragility. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.93(8),2948–2952 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CASGoogle Scholar
    • 101  Nucleus Inc. www.nucleusinc.comGoogle Scholar