Review

Association of race, heart failure and chronic kidney disease

† Author for correspondence

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 1526 North Edgemont Street, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

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Email the corresponding author at albert.y-j.shen@kp.org

Somjot S Brar

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 1526 North Edgemont Street, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

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Email the corresponding author at sbrar17@gmail.com

Steven S Khan

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 1526 North Edgemont Street, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

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Email the corresponding author at sskhan@scal.kp.org

Dean A Kujubu

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 1526 North Edgemont Street, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

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Email the corresponding author at dakujubu@scal.kp.org

Published Online:17 Aug 2006https://doi.org/10.2217/14796678.2.4.441

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Abstract

Heart failure and kidney disease are two important emerging epidemics. The importance of pre-end stage kidney disease was introduced in the 2002 publication of the National Kidney Foundation’s Chronic Kidney Disease Guidelines. One in nine US adults has some degree of kidney disease, many of whom also have heart failure. Among all patients with heart failure, approximately half have significant kidney disease. The distribution of etiologies of these conditions varies among races; blacks tend to have heart and kidney disease predominantly due to hypertension, while whites tend to be affected by ischemic heart disease and Hispanics by diabetic kidney disease. The burden of disease is disproportionately borne by minorities, the cause of which remains to be fully elucidated. The bulk of knowledge of these diseases is based on studies involving predominantly white subjects. Recent studies have suggested that there are racial differences in patients’ responsiveness to various classes of drugs. Designs of future studies should take into account these differences.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as either of interest (•) or of considerable interest (••) to readers.

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Published online 17 August 2006

Published in print July 2006

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