Review

Achieving stable human stem cell engraftment and survival in the CNS: is the future of regenerative medicine immunodeficient?

† Author for correspondence

Email the corresponding author at aja@uci.edu

Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, 845 Health Science Road, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1705, USA; University of California Irvine, 2030 Gross Hall Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, CA 92697–1705, USA

Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 364 Med Surge II, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA

^*Authors contributed equally

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Mitra J Hooshmand^*

Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, 2642 Biological Sciences III, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA

Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 364 Med Surge II, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA

^*Authors contributed equally

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Harvey Perez^*

CIRM Stem Cell Research Biotechnology Training Program, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA

^*Authors contributed equally

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Christopher J Sontag^*

Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, 2642 Biological Sciences III, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA

Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 364 Med Surge II, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA

^*Authors contributed equally

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Brian J Cummings

Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, 2642 Biological Sciences III, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA

Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 364 Med Surge II, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, UCI Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Bldg 53, Orange, CA 9286, USA

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Published Online:6 May 2011https://doi.org/10.2217/rme.11.22

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Abstract

There is potential for a variety of stem cell populations to mediate repair in the diseased or injured CNS; in some cases, this theoretical possibility has already transitioned to clinical safety testing. However, careful consideration of preclinical animal models is essential to provide an appropriate assessment of stem cell safety and efficacy, as well as the basic biological mechanisms of stem cell action. This article examines the lessons learned from early tissue, organ and hematopoietic grafting, the early assumptions of the stem cell and CNS fields with regard to immunoprivilege, and the history of success in stem cell transplantation into the CNS. Finally, we discuss strategies in the selection of animal models to maximize the predictive validity of preclinical safety and efficacy studies.

Keywords:

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest

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Vol. 6, No. 3

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Published online 6 May 2011

Published in print May 2011

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The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

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