Latin-American guidelines for opioid use in chronic nononcologic pain

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest

References

• 1 Cousins MJ, Lynch ME. The Declaration Montreal: access to pain management is a fundamental human right. Pain 152, 2673–2674 (2011). • This publication was a milestone in the history of contemporary medicine, as it established that pain relief was an important unmet need, as well as human right, a concept endorsed by highly relevant institutions, such as WHO, International Association for the Study of Pain and European Pain Federation.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 2 Brennan F, Carr DB, Cousins M. Pain management: a fundamental human right. Anesth. Analg. 105, 205–221 (2007).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 3 Treede R, Rief W, Barke A et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain 156, 1003–1007 (2015).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 4 Henschke N, Kamper S, Maher Ch. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clin. Proc. 90, 139–147 (2015).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 5 Garcia JBS. Change Pain Latin America -new initiative established to enhance management of patients with chronic pain in Latin America. Rev. Bras. Anestesiol. 64, 140–142 (2014). • A group of opinion leaders, who are also renowned specialists in pain management, have developed an initiative called Change Pain aimed at improving pain management in Latin-American patients through education, research, and diffusion of best practices.
  Google Scholar
• 6 Wynne-Jones G, Vande Windt D, Ong BN et al. Perceptions of health professionals towards the management of back pain in the context of work: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 15, 210 (2014).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 7 Cicad Plan Nacional de Prevención Integral de Drogas. 2012–2013. www.cicad.oas.org/fortalecimiento_institucional/savia/PDF/2012_plan_prevenci%C3%B3n.pdf.
  Google Scholar
• 8 Lohman D, Schleifer R, Amon J. Access to pain treatment as a human right. BMC Med. 8, 8 (2010).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 9 Rico M, Kraychete C, Iskandar J et al. Use of opioids in Latin America: the need of an evidence-based change. Pain Med. 17, 704–716 (2016). • Recent publication by Change Pain Latin-American group, in which the need to change clinical practices on the use of opioids is established on the basis of the best evidence available.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 10 Kahan M, Mailis-Gagnon A, Wilson L, Srivastava A; National Opioid Use Guideline Group. Canadian guideline for safe and effective use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain: clinical summary for family physicians. Part 1: general population. Can. Fam. Physician 57, 1257–1266 (2011). • One of the first and more complete guidelines aimed at promoting rational and safe prescription of opioids for noncancer pain, and which set the scene for further publications on this topic.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 11 Häuser W, Bock F, Engeser P, Tölle T, Willweber-Strumpfe A, Petzke F. Clinical practice guideline: Long-term opioid use in non-cancer pain. Dtsch Arztebl. Int. 111, 732–740 (2014).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 12 Kalso E, Edwards JE, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety. Pain 112, 372–380 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 13 O'Neil Ch, Hanlon J, Marcum ZA. Adverse effects of analgesics commonly used by older adults with osteoarthritis: focus on non-opioid and opioid analgesics. Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother. 10(6), 331–342 (2012).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 14 Singh BK, Haque SE, Pillai KK. Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 10, 143–156 (2014).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 15 Trescot A, Helm S, Hansen H et al. Opioids in the management of chronic non cancer pain: an update of American Society of the Interventional Pain Physicians’ (ASIPP) Guidelines. Pain Physician 11, S5–S62 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 16 Cheatle MD, Savage SR. Informed consent in opioid therapy: a potential obligation and opportunity. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 44(1), 105–116 (2012).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 17 Bruera E, Paice JA. Cancer pain management: safe and effective use of opioids. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. Educ. Book 2015, e593–e599 (2015).
  Google Scholar
• 18 Tzschentke TM, Christoph T, Kögel BY. The mu-opioid receptor agonist/noradrenaline reuptake inhibition (MOR-NRI) concept in analgesia: the case of tapentadol. CNS Drugs 28(4), 319–29 (2014).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 19 Cheung CH, Qui Q, Choi SW, Moore B, Goucke R, Irwin M. Chronic opioid therapy for chronic non cancer pain: a review and comparison of treatment guidelines. Pain Phys. 17, 401–414 (2014).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 20 Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG et al. Clinical guidelines for use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J. Pain 10, 113–130 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 21 Passik SD, Squire P. Current risk assessment and management paradigms: snapshots in the life of the pain specialist. Pain Med. 10(Suppl. 2), S101–S114 (2009).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 22 Khanna IK, Pillariserri S. Buprenorphine -an attractive opioid with underutilized potential in treatment of chronic pain. J. Pain Res. 4, 859–870 (2015).
  Google Scholar
• 23 VA/DoD Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain Working Group (2010). The management of opioid therapy for chronic pain. www.healthquality.va.gov/Chronic_Opioid_Therapy_COT.asp.
  Google Scholar
• 24 Ho KY, Chua NH, George JM et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the use of opioids in chronic non-cancer pain-a consensus statement by the Pain Association of Singapore Task Force. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 42(3), 138–152 (2013).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 25 Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S et al. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: part 2–guidance. Pain Physician 15(3), S67–S116 (2012). • A publication in which interventional experts in the field of pain management put forward their perspective on the responsible use of opioids in chronic noncancer pain.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 26 Webster L, Fine PG. Review and critique of opioid rotation practices and associated risks of toxicity. Pain Med. 13, 562–570 (2012). • A review of the methods for opioid rotation, their utility and associated risks.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 27 McPherson ML. Desmistifying opioid conversion calculations. American Society of Health System. USA (2009). www.ashp.org/doclibrary/bookstore/p1985firstpages.aspx.
  Google Scholar
• 28 Deyo RA, Von Korff M, Duhrkoop D. Opioids for low back pain. BMJ 350, g6830 (2015).
  Google Scholar
• 29 Gordon DB, Dahl JL, Miaskowski C et al. American Pain Society recommendations for improving the quality of acute and cancer pain management. American Pain Society Quality of Care Task Force. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 1574–1580 (2005).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 30 Canadian Guideline for Safe and Effective Use of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain 2010 National Opioid Use Guideline Group (NOUGG). http://nationalpaincentre.mcmaster.ca/opioid/.
  Google Scholar
• 31 Labianca R, Sarzi-Puttini P, Zuccaro SM, Cherubino P, Vellucci R, Fornasari D. Adverse effects associated with non-opioid and opioid treatment in patients with chronic pain. Clin. Drug Investig. 32(1), 53–63 (2012). • Review of side effects of commonly used drugs in patients with chronic pain, including a critical appraisal of the analgesic groups most frequently prescribed for this condition, along with their potential effects, prevention and management. Previous comorbidity is also considered.
  CASGoogle Scholar
• 32 Díaz P, Tamayo A. Efectos gastrointestinales. In: Uso de opioides en Tratamiento del Dolor. Manual para Latinoamérica. Bonilla P, De Lima L, Díaz P, León MX, González M (Eds). TIPS Imagen y Comunicación 1967 CA, Caracas, Venezuela, 100–113 (2011).
  Google Scholar
• 33 Al-Hashimi M, Scott SW, Thompson JP, Lambert DG. Opioids and immune modulation: more questions than answers. Br. J. Anaesth. 111, 80–88 (2013).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 34 Garcia JB, Cardoso MGM, Dos-Santos MC. Opioids and the immune system: clinical relevance. Rev. Bras. Anaestesiol. 62(5), 709–718 (2012).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 35 Pain and substance misuse: improving the patient experience. A consensus statement prepared by The British Pain Society in collaboration with The Royal College of Psychiatrists, The Royal College of General Practitioners and The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drug. The British Pain Society, 2010. www.britishpainsociety.org/static/uploads/resources/misuse_0307_v13_FINAL.pdf.
  Google Scholar
• 36 Juurlink DN, Dhalla IA. Dependence and addiction during chronic opioid therapy. J. Med. Toxicol. 8(4), 393–399 (2012).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 37 Noble M, Tregear SJ, Treadwell JR, Schoelles K. Long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 35, 214–228 (2008).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 38 United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Resolution 2005/25. Treatment of pain using opioid analgesics. www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/2005/resolution%202005-25.pdf.
  Google Scholar
• 39 Acceso y uso racional de los medicamentos Departamento de Medicamentos Esenciales y Políticas Farmacéuticas Sistemas y servicios de salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud. www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/ACMP_BrNoteGenrl_SP_Feb09.pdf. • This highly relevant article establishes that the program on the access to controlled drugs represents the first and only worldwide initiative in this field. National mechanisms are assessed by providing scientifically based guidelines, policy analyses, qualification and practical help measures in an attempt to furnish national governments with universal, worldwide-recognized norms on the clinical use of controlled drugs.
  Google Scholar
• 40 Duthey B, Scholten W. Adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption at country, global, and regional levels in 2010, its relationship with development level, and changes compared with 2006. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 47, 283–297 (2014). • A publication that advocates the use of Adequacy of Opioid Analgesic Consumption to define needs at country, region and global levels, as well as changes introduced between 2006 and 2010.
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 41 International Narcotics Control Board: WHO population data by: pain & policy studies group. University of Wisconsin/WHO collaboration center (2014). http://www.painpolicy.wisc.edu/.
  Google Scholar
• 42 Lamas D, Rosenbaum L. Painful inequities – palliative care in developing countries. N. Engl. J. Med. 366, 199–201 (2012).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 43 Ryan K, De Lima L, Maurer M. Disponibilidad acceso y políticas sanitaria en medicamentos opioides en latinoamérica. In: Uso de opioides en Tratamiento del Dolor. Manual para Latinoamérica. Bonilla P, De Lima L, Díaz P, León MX, González M (Eds). IAHPC Press, Caracas, Venezuela, 20–41 (2011).
  Google Scholar