Role of secretory immunoglobulin A and secretory component in the protection of mucosal surfaces

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest

Bibliography

• 1  Nagler-Anderson C: Man the barrier! Strategic defences in the intestinal mucosa. Nat. Rev. Immunol.1(1),59–67 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 2  Brandtzaeg P: Induction of secretory immunity and memory at mucosal surfaces. Vaccine25(30),5467–5484 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 3  Mestecky J, Moro I, Kerr MA, Woof J: Mucosal immunoglobulins. In: Mucosal Immunology. Mestecky, J, Lamm ME, Strober W, Bienenstock J, McGhee JR, Mayer LL (Eds). Elsevier/Academic Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 153–181 (2005).
  Google Scholar
• 4  Phalipon A, Corthésy B: Novel functions for mucosal SIgA of IgA. In: Mucosal immune defense: immunoglobulin A. Kaetzel CS (Ed.). Springer, NY, USA, 183–202 (2007).
  Google Scholar
• 5  Macpherson AJ, McCoy KD, Johansen FE, Brandtzaeg P: The immune geography of IgA induction and function. Mucosal Immunol.1(1),11–22 (2008).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 6  Kaetzel CS: The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor: bridging innate and adaptive immune responses at mucosal surfaces. Immunol. Rev.206,83–99 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 7  Russell MW, Kilian M: Biological activities of IgA. In: Mucosal Immunology. Mestecky, J, Lamm ME, Strober W, Bienenstock J, McGhee JR, Mayer LL (Eds). Elsevier/Academic Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 267–290 (2005).
  Google Scholar
• 8  Mach J, Hshieh T, Hsieh D, Grubbs N, Chervonsky A: Development of intestinal M cells. Immunol. Rev.206,177–189 (2005).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 9  Hase K, Kawano K, Nochi T et al.: Uptake through glycoprotein 2 of FimH(+) bacteria by M cells initiates mucosal immune response. Nature462(7270),226–230 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 10  Favre L, Spertini F, Corthésy B: Secretory IgA possesses intrinsic modulatory properties stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses. J. Immunol.175(5),2793–2800 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 11  Fagarasan S, Honjo T: Regulation of IgA synthesis at mucosal surfaces. Curr. Opin. Immunol.16(3),277–283 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 12  He B, Xu W, Santini PA et al.: Intestinal bacteria trigger T cell-independent immunoglobulin A(2) class switching by inducing epithelial-cell secretion of the cytokine APRIL. Immunity26(6),812–826 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 13  Tsuji M, Komatsu N, Kawamoto S et al.: Preferential generation of follicular B helper T cells from Foxp3⁺ T cells in gut Peyer’s patches. Science323(5920),1488–1492 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 14  Corthésy B: Roundtrip ticket for secretory IgA: role in mucosal homeostasis? J. Immunol.178(1),27–32 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 15  Kilian M, Mestecky J, Russell MW: Defense mechanisms involving Fc-dependent functions of immunoglobulin A and their subversion by bacterial immunoglobulin A proteases. Microbiol. Rev.52(2),296–303 (1988).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 16  Chintalacharuvu KR, Raines M, Morrison SL: Divergence of human α-chain constant region gene sequences. A novel recombinant α 2 gene. J. Immunol.152(11),5299–5304 (1994).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 17  Chintalacharuvu KR, Morrison SL: Residues critical for H-L disulfide bond formation in human IgA1 and IgA2. J. Immunol.157(8),3443–3449 (1996).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 18  Grey HM, Abel CA, Yount WJ, Kunkel HG: A subclass of human γ-A-globulins (γ-A2) which lacks the disulfied bonds linking heavy and light chains. J. Exp. Med.128(6),1223–1236 (1968).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 19  Koshland ME: The coming of age of the immunoglobulin J chain. Annu. Rev. Immunol.3,425–453 (1985).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 20  Johansen FE, Braathen R, Brandtzaeg P: Role of J chain in secretory immunoglobulin formation. Scand. J. Immunol.52(3),240–248 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 21  Hexham JM, White KD, Carayannopoulos LN et al.: A human immunoglobulin (Ig)A ca3 domain motif directs polymeric Ig receptor-mediated secretion. J. Exp. Med.189(4),747–752 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 22  Frütiger S, Hughes GJ, Paquet N, Lüthi R, Jaton JC: Disulfide bond assignement in human J chain and its covalent pairing with immunoglobulin M. Biochemistry31(50),12643–12647 (1992).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 23  Hendrickson BA, Conner DA, Ladd DJ et al.: Altered hepatic transport of immunoglobulin A in mice lacking the J chain. J. Exp. Med.182(6),1905–1911 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 24  Hendrickson BA, Rindisbacher L, Corthésy B et al.: Lack of association of secretory component with IgA in J chain-deficient mice. J. Immunol.157(2),750–754 (1996).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 25  Eiffert H, Quentin E, Wiederhold M et al.: Determination of the molecular structure of the human free secretory component. Prot. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler372(2),119–128 (1991).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 26  Frütiger S, Hughes GJ, Fonck C, Jaton JC: High and low molecular weight rabbit secretory components. Evidence for the deletion of the second and third domains in the smaller polypeptide. J. Biol. Chem.262(4),1712–1715 (1987).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 27  Bakos MA, Kurosky A, Goldblum RM: Characterization of a critical binding site for human polymeric Ig on secretory component. J. Immunol.147(10),3419–3426 (1991).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 28  Fallgreen-Gebauer E, Gebauer W, Bastian A et al.: The covalent linkage of SC to IgA: structure of secretory IgA. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler374(11),1023–1028 (1993).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 29  Hughes GJ, Frütiger S, Savoy LA, Reason AJ, Morris HR, Jaton JC: Human free secretory component is composed of the first 585 amino acid residues of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. FEBS Lett.410(2–3),443–446 (1997).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 30  Lindh E, Björk I: Binding of secretory component to dimers of immunoglobulin A in vitro. Mechanism of the covalent bond formation. Eur. J. Biochem.62(2),263–270 (1976).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 31  Rindisbacher L, Cottet S, Wittek R, Kraehenbuhl JP, Corthésy, B: Production of human secretory component with dimeric IgA binding capacity using viral expression systems. J. Biol. Chem.270(23),14220–14228 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 32  Crottet P, Corthésy B: Mapping the interaction between murine IgA and murine secretory component carrying epitope substitutions reveals a role of domains II and III in covalent binding to IgA. J. Biol. Chem.274(44),31456–31462 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 33  Endo T, Mestecky J, Kulhavy R, Kobata A: Carbohydrate heterogeneity of human myeloma proteins of the IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses. Mol. Immunol.31(18),1415–1422 (1994).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 34  Mattu TS, Pleass RJ, Willis AC et al.: The glycosylation and structure of human serum IgA1, Fab, and Fc regions and the role of N-glycosylation on Fc α receptor interactions. J. Biol. Chem.273(4),2260–2272 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 35  Royle L, Roos A, Harvey DJ et al.: Secretory IgA N- and O-glycans provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. J. Biol. Chem.278(22),20140–20153 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 36  Roque-Barreira MC, Campos-Neto A: Jacalin: an IgA-binding lectin. J. Immunol.134(3),1740–1743 (1985).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 37  Arnold JN, Wormald MR, Sim RB, Rudd PM, Dwek RA: The impact of glycosylation on the biological function and structure of human immunoglobulins. Annu. Rev. Immunol.25,21–50 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 38  Taylor AK, Wall R: Selective removal of a heavy-chain glycosylation sites causes immunoglobulin A degradation and reduced secretion. Mol. Cell. Biol.8,4197–4203 (1988).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 39  Baenziger JU: Structure of the oligosaccharide of human J chain. Structure of the oligosaccharide of human J chain. J. Biol. Chem.254(10),4063–4071 (1979).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 40  Hughes GJ, Reason AJ, Savoy L, Jaton J, Frutiger-Hughes S: Carbohydrate moieties in human secretory component. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1434(1),86–93 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 41  Perrier C, Sprenger N, Corthésy B: Glycans on secretory component participate in innate protection against mucosal pathogens. J. Biol. Chem.281(20),14280–14287 (2006).▪ Neutralization of pathogen toxins through carbohydrates located on the surface of the secretory component assigns a novel function to the protein alone or in the context of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 42  Bonner A, Almogren A, Furtado PB, Kerr MA, Perkins SJ: The nonplanar secretory IgA2 and near planar secretory IgA1 solution structures rationalize their different mucosal immune responses. J. Biol. Chem.284(8),5077–5087 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 43  Bonner A, Almogren A, Furtado PB, Kerr MA, Perkins SJ: Location of secretory component on the Fc edge of dimeric IgA1 reveals insight into the role of secretory IgA1 in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol.2(1),74–84 (2009).▪ First 3D model of SIgA that defines structural features of the antibody and contributes to explaining its mode of action at mucosal surfaces.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 44  Bloth B, Svehag SE: Further studies on the ultrastructure of dimeric IgA of human origin. J. Exp. Med.133(5),1035–1042 (1971).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 45  Brandtzaeg P, Prydz H: Direct evidence for an integrated function of J chain and secretory component in epithelial transport of immunoglobulins. Nature311(5981),71–73 (1974).
  Google Scholar
• 46  Johansen FE, Braathen R, Brandtzaeg P: The J chain is essential for polymeric Ig receptor-mediated epithelial transport of IgA. J. Immunol.167(9),5185–5192 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 47  Bonner A, Perrier C, Corthésy B, Perkins SJ: Solution structure of human secretory component and implications for biological function. J. Biol. Chem.282(23),16969–16980 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 48  Ladjeva I, Peterman JH, Mestecky J: IgA subclasses of human colostral antibodies specific for microbial and food antigens. Clin. Exp. Immunol.78(1),85–90 (1989).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 49  Angel J, Franco MA, Greenberg HB: Rotavirus vaccines: recent developments and future considerations. Nat. Rev. Microbiol.5(7),529–539 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 50  Burns JW, Siadat-Pajouh M, Krishnaney AA, Greenberg HB: Protective effect of rotavirus VP6-specific IgA monoclonal antibodies that lack neutralizing activity. Science72(5258),104–107 (1996).
  Google Scholar
• 51  Corthésy B, Benureau Y, Perrier C et al.: Rotavirus anti-VP6 secretory immunoglobulin A contributes to protection via intracellular neutralization but not via immune exclusion. J. Virol.80(21),10692–10699 (2006).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 52  O’Neal CM, Harriman GR, Conner ME: Protection of the villus epithelial cells of the small intestine from rotavirus infection does not require immunoglobulin A. J. Virol.74(9),4102–4109 (2000).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 53  Franco MA, Angel J, Greenberg HB: Immunity and correlates of protection for rotavirus vaccines. Vaccine24(15),2718–2731 (2006).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 54  Suerbaum S, Michetti P: Helicobacter pylori infection. N. Engl. J. Med.347(15),1175–1186 (2002).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 55  Malfertheiner P, Chan FK, McColl KE: Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet374(9699),1449–1461 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 56  Covacci A, Rappuoli R: Helicobacter pylori: after the genome, back to biology. J. Exp. Med.197(7),807–811 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 57  Prinz C, Hafsi N, Voland P: Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and the host immune response: implications for therapeutic vaccination. Trends Microbiol.11(3),134–138 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 58  Del Giudice G, Malfertheiner P, Rappuoli R: Development of vaccines against Helicobacter pylori.Expert Rev. Vaccines8(8),1037–1049 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 59  Blanchard TG, Czinn SJ, Maurer R, Thomas WD, Soman G, Nedrud JG: Urease-specific monoclonal antibodies prevent Helicobacter felis infection in mice. Infect. Immun.63(4),1394–1399 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 60  Ahlstedt I, Lindholm C, Lönroth H, Hamlet A, Svennerholm AM, Quiding-Järbrink M: Role of local cytokines in increased gastric expression of the secretory component in Helicobacter pylori infection. Infect. Immun.67(9),4921–4925 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 61  Goto T, Nishizono A, Fujioka T, Ikewaki J, Mifune K, Nasu M: Local secretory immunoglobulin A and postimmunization gastritis correlate with protection against Helicobacter pyloriinfection after oral vaccination of mice. Infect. Immun.67(5),2531–2539 (1999).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 62  Ferrero RL, Thiberge JM, Labigne A: Local immunoglobulin G antibodies in the stomach may contribute to immunity against Helicobacter infection in mice. Gastroenterology113(1),185–194 (1997).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 63  Casswall TH, Nilsson HO, Björck L et al.: Bovine anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies for oral immunotherapy. Scand. J. Gastroenterol.37(12),1380–1385 (2002).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 64  Kelly CP, Pothoulakis C, LaMont JT: Clostridium difficile colitis. N. Engl. J. Med.330(4),257–262 (1994).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 65  Lyerly DM, Krivan HC, Wilkins TD: Clostridium difficile: its disease and toxins. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.1(1),1–18 (1988).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 66  Stubbe H, Berdoz J, Kraehenbuhl JP, Corthésy B: Polymeric IgA is superior to monomeric IgA and IgG carrying the same variable domain in preventing Clostridium difficile toxin A damaging of T84 monolayers. J. Immunol.164(4),1952–1960 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 67  Cottet S, Corthésy-Theulaz I, Spertini F, Corthésy B: Microaerophilic conditions permit to mimic in vitro events occurring during in vivoHelicobacter pylori infection and to identify Rho/Ras-associated proteins in cellular signaling. J. Biol. Chem.277(37),33978–33986 (2002).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 68  Renegar KB, Small PA: Passive transfer of local immunity to influenza-virus infection by IgA antibody. J. Immunol.146(6),1972–1978 (1991).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 69  Renegar KB, Small PA: Immunoglobulin A mediation of murine nasal anti-influenza virus immunity. J. Virol.65(4),2146–2148 (1991).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 70  Takase H, Murakami Y, Endo A, Ikeuchi T: Antibody responses and protection in mice immunized orally against influenza virus. Vaccine14(17–18),1651–1656 (1996).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 71  Tamura S, Funato H, Hirabayashi Y et al.: Cross-protection against influenza-A virus-infection by passively transferred respiratory-tract IgA antibodies to different hemagglutinin molecules. Eur. J. Immunol.21(6),1337–1344 (1991).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 72  Mazanec MB, Coudret CL, Fletcher DR: Intracellular neutralization of influenza virus by immunoglobulin A anti-hemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies. J. Virol.69(2),1339–1343 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 73  Fujioka H, Emancipator SN, Aikawa M et al.: Immunocytochemical colocalization of specific immunoglobulin A with sendai virus protein in infected polarized epithelium. J. Exp. Med.188(7),1223–1229 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 74  Kozlowski PA, Neutra MR: The role of mucosal immunity in prevention of HIV transmission. Curr. Mol. Med.3(3),217–228 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 75  Bomsel M, Heyman M, Hocini H et al.: Intracellular neutralization of HIV transcytosis across tight epithelial barriers by anti-HIV envelope protein dIgA or IgM. Immunity9(2),277–287 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 76  Huang YT, Wright A, Gao X, Kulick L, Yan H, Lamm ME: Intraepithelial cell neutralization of HIV-1 replication by IgA. J. Immunol.174(8),4828–4835 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 77  Jackson S, Mestecky J, Moldoveanu Z, Spearman P: Collection and processing of human mucosal secretions. In: Mucosal Immunology. Ogra PL, Mestecky, J, Lamm ME, Strober W, Bienenstock J, McGhee JR (Eds). Academic Press, CA, USA, 1567–1575 (1999).
  Google Scholar
• 78  Wright A, Lamm ME, Huang YT: Excretion of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through polarized epithelium by immunoglobulin A. J. Virol.82(23),11526–11535 (2008).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 79  Devito C, Broliden K, Kaul R et al.: Mucosal and plasma IgA from HIV-1-exposed uninfected individuals inhibit HIV-1 transcytosis across human epithelial cells. J. Immunol.165(9),5170–5176 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 80  Moja P, Tranchat C, Tchou I et al.: Neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediated by parotid IgA of HIV-1-infected patients. J. Infect. Dis.181(5),1607–1613 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 81  Alfsen A, Iniguez P, Bouguyon E, Bomsel M: Secretory IgA specific for a conserved epitope on gp41 envelope glycoprotein inhibits epithelial transcytosis of HIV-1. J. Immunol.166(10),6257–6265 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 82  Mantis NJ, Palaia J, Hessell AJ et al.: Inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity and epithelial cell transfer by human monoclonal IgG and IgA antibodies carrying the b12 V region. J. Immunol.179(5),3144–3152 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 83  Xu W, Santini PA, Sullivan JS et al.: HIV-1 evades virus-specific IgG2 and IgA responses by targeting systemic and intestinal B cells via long-range intercellular conduits. Nat. Immunol.10(9),1008–1017 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 84  Kaetzel CS, Robinson JK, Chintalacharuvu KR, Vaerman JP, Lamm ME: The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (secretory component) mediates transport of immune complexes across epithelial cells: a local defense function for IgA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA88(19),8796–8800 (1991).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 85  Robinson JK, Blanchard TG, Levine AD, Emancipator SN, Lamm ME: A mucosal IgA-mediated excretory immune system in vivo.J. Immunol.166(6),3688–3692 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 86  Kramer DR, Cebra JJ: Early appearance of “natural” mucosal IgA responses and germinal centers in suckling mice developing in the absence of maternal antibodies. J. Immunol.154(5),2051–2062 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 87  van der Waaij LA, Limburg PC, Mesander G, van der Waaij D: In vivo IgA coating of anaerobic bacteria in human faeces. Gut38(3),348–354 (1996).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 88  Bos NA, Jiang HQ, Cebra JJ: T-cell control of the gut IgA response against commensal bacteria. Gut48(6),762–764 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 89  Macpherson AJ, Gatto D, Sainsbury E, Harriman GR, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM: A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria. Science288(5474),2222–2226 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 90  Shroff KE, Meslin K, Cebra JJ: Commensal enteric bacteria engender a self-limiting humoral mucosal immune response while permanently colonizing the gut. Infect. Immun.63(10),3904–3913 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 91  Cebra JJ: Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.69(5),S1046–S1051 (1999).
  Google Scholar
• 92  Macpherson AJ, Uhr T: Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria. Science303(5664),1662–1665 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 93  Kadaoui KA, Corthésy B: Secretory IgA mediates bacterial translocation to dendritic cells in mouse Peyer’s patches with restriction to mucosal compartment. J. Immunol.179(11),7751–7757 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 94  Macpherson AJ, Geuking MB, McCoy KD: Immune responses that adapt the intestinal mucosa to commensal intestinal bacteria. Immunology115(2),153–162 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 95  Harris NL, Spoerri I, Schopfer JF et al.: Mechanisms of neonatal mucosal antibody protection. J. Immunol.177(9),6256–6262 (2006).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 96  Fagarasan S, Muramatsu M, Suzuki K, Nagaoka H, Hiai H, Honjo T: Critical roles of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the homeostasis of gut flora. Science298(5597),1424–1427 (2002).▪ Evidence that the lack of class switch toward the IgA isotype results in aberrant overgrowth of the endogenous microbiota.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 97  Biesbrock AR, Reddy MS, Levine MJ: Interaction of a salivary mucin-secretory immunoglobulin A complex with mucosal pathogens. Infect. Immun.59(10),3492–3497 (1991).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 98  Phalipon A, Corthésy B: Novel functions of the polymeric Ig receptor: well beyond transport of immunoglobulins. Trends Immunol.24(2),55–58 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 99  Bollinger RR, Everett ML, Palestrant D, Love SD, Lin SS, Parker W: Human secretory immunoglobulin A may contribute to biofilm formation in the gut. Immunology109(4),580–587 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 100  Macpherson AJ, Slack E: The functional interactions of commensal bacteria with intestinal secretory IgA. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.23(6),673–678 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 101  Mowat AM: Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens. Nat. Rev. Immunol.3(4),331–341 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 102  Mestecky J, Russell MW, Elson CO: Perspectives on mucosal vaccines: is mucosal tolerance a barrier? J. Immunol.179(9),5633–5638 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 103  Freytag LC, Clements JD: Mucosal adjuvants. Vaccine23(15),1804–1813 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 104  Schubert C: Boosting our best shot. Nat. Med.15(9),984–988 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 105  Zinkernagel RM: Maternal antibodies, childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases. N. Engl. J. Med.345(18),1331–1335 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 106  Newburg DS, Walker WA: Protection of the neonate by the innate immune system of developing gut and of human milk. Pediatr. Res.61(1),2–8 (2007).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 107  Casswall TH, Sarker SA, Faruque SM et al.: Treatment of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhoea in children with bovine immunoglobulin milk concentrate from hyperimmunized cows: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Scand. J. Gastroenterol.35(7),711–718 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 108  Houdebine LM: Production of pharmaceutical proteins by transgenic animals. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.32(2),107–121 (2009).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 109  Kamihira M, Kawabe Y, Shindo T et al.: Production of chimeric monoclonal antibodies by genetically manipulated chickens. J. Biotechnol.141(1–2),18–25 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 110  Corthésy B: Recombinant secretory immunoglobulin A in passive immunotherapy: linking immunology and biotechnology. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol.17(2),198–203 (2003).
  Google Scholar
• 111  Casadevall A, Dadachova E, Pirofski LA: Passive antibody therapy for infectious diseases. Nat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9),695–703 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 112  Starlinger M, Schiessel R: Bicarbonate (HCO₃) delivery to the gastroduodenal mucosa by the blood: its importance for mucosal integrity. Gut29(5),647–654 (1988).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 113  Mohamed AH, Hunt RH: The rationale of acid suppression in the treatment of acid-related disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.8(Suppl. 1),3–10 (1994).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 114  Kaye RS, Purewal TS, Alpar OH: Development and testing of particulate formulations for the nasal delivery of antibodies. J. Control Release135(2),127–135 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 115  Corthésy B: Recombinant immunoglobulin A: powerful tools for fundamental and applied research. Trends Biotechnol.20(2),65–71 (2002).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 116  Phalipon A, Kaufmann M, Michetti P et al.: Monoclonal immunoglobulin A antibody directed against serotype-specific epitope of Shigella flexnerilipopolysaccharide protects against murine experimental shigellosis. J. Exp. Med.182(3),769–778 (1995).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 117  Weltzin R, Traina-Dorge V, Soike K et al.: Intranasal monoclonal IgA antibody to respiratory syncytial virus protects Rhesus monkeys against upper and lower respiratory tract infection. J. Infect. Dis.174(8),256–261 (1996).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 118  Ma JK, Hykmat BY, Wycoff K et al.: Characterization of a recombinant plant monoclonal secretory antibody and preventive immunotherapy in humans. Nat. Med.4(5),601–606 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 119  Enriquez FJ, Riggs MW: Role of immunoglobulin A monoclonal antibodies against P23 in controlling murine Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Infect. Immun.66(9),4469–4473 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 120  Phalipon A, Cardona A, Kraehenbuhl JP, Edelman L, Sansonetti PJ, Corthésy B: Secretory component: a new role in secretory IgA-mediated immune exclusion in vivo.Immunity17(1),107–115 (2002).▪ Demonstration of the essential function of secretory component in properly anchoring SIgA at mucosal surfaces to guarantee optimal protective functions.
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 121  Hutchings AB, Helander A, Silvey KJ et al.: Secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies against the sigma1 outer capsid protein of reovirus type 1 Lang prevent infection of mouse Peyer’s patches. J. Virol.78(2),947–957 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 122  Williams A, Reljic R, Naylor I et al.: Passive protection with immunoglobulin A antibodies against tuberculous early infection of the lungs. Immunology111(3),328–333 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 123  Yankov ID, Petrov DP, Mladenov IV et al.: Protective efficacy of IgA monoclonal antibodies to O and H antigens in a mouse model of intranasal challenge with Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. Microbes Infect.6(10),901–910 (2004).
  MedlineGoogle Scholar
• 124  Gorrell RJ, Robins-Browne RM: Antibody-mediated protection against infection with Helicobacter pylori in a suckling mouse model of passive immunity. Infect. Immun.77(11),5116–5129 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 125  Halpern M, Koshland ME: The stoichiometry of J chain in human secretory IgA. J. Immunol.111(6),1653–1660 (1973).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 126  Crottet P, Corthésy B: Secretory component delays the conversion of secretory IgA into antigen-binding competent F(ab´)2: a possible implication for mucosal defense. J. Immunol.161(10),5445–5453 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 127  Boullier S, Tanguy M, Kadaoui K et al.: Secretory IgA-mediated neutralization of Shigella flexneri prevents intestinal tissue destruction by down-regulating inflammatory circuits. J. Immunol.183(9),5879–5885 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 128  Wold AE, Mestecky J, Tomana M et al.: Secretory immunoglobulin A carries oligosaccharide receptors for Escherichia coli type 1 fimbrial lectin. Infect. Immun.58(9),3073–3077 (1990).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 129  Mestecky J, Russell MW: Specific antibody activity, glycan heterogeneity and polyreactivity contribute to the protective activity of S-IgA at mucosal surfaces. Immunol. Lett.124(2),57–62 (2009).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 130  Bos NA, Bun JC, Popma SH et al.: Monoclonal immunoglobulin A derived from peritoneal B cells is encoded by both germ line and somatically mutated VH genes and is reactive with commensal bacteria. Infect. Immun.64(2),616–623 (1996).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 131  Dunn-Walters D, Boursier L, Spencer J: Effect of somatic hypermutation on potential N-glycosylation sites in human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions. Mol. Immunol.37(3–4),107–113 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 132  Schroten H, Stapper C, Plogmann R, Köhler H, Hackre J, Hanisch FG: Fab-independent antiadhesion effects of secretory immunoglobulin A on S-fimbriated Escherichia coli are mediated by sialyloligosaccharides. Infect. Immun.66(8),3971–3973 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 133  Mantis NJ, Farrant, SA, Mehta S: Oligosaccharide side chains on human secretory IgA serve as receptors for ricin. J. Immunol.172(11),6838–6845 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 134  Dallas SD, Rolfe RD: Binding of Clostridium difficile toxin A to human milk secretory component. J. Med. Microbiol.47(10),879–888 (1998).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 135  Langley R, Wines B, Willoughby N, Basu I, Proft T, Fraser JD: The staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 7 binds IgA and complement C5 and inhibits IgA-Fc α RI binding and serum killing of bacteria. J. Immunol.174(5),2926–2933 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 136  Borén T, Falk P, Roth KA, Larson G, Normark S: Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric epithelium mediated by blood group antigens. Science262(5141),1892–1895 (1993).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 137  Falk P, Roth KA, Borén T, Westblom TU, Gordon JI, Normark S: An in vitro adherence assay reveals that Helicobacter pylori exhibits cell lineage-specific tropism in the human gastric epithelium. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA90(5),2035–2039 (1993).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 138  Hammerschmidt S, Talay SR, Brandtzaeg P, Chhatwal GS: SpsA, a novel pneumococcal surface protein with specific binding to secretory immunoglobulin A and secretory component. Mol. Microbiol.25(6),1113–1124 (1997).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 139  Rosenow C, Ryan P, Weiser JN et al.: Contribution of novel choline-binding proteins to adherence, colonization and immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Mol. Microbiol.25(5),819–829 (1997).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 140  Lu L, Lamm ME, Li H, Corthésy B, Zhang JR: The human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor binds to Streptococcus pneumoniae via domains 3 and 4. J. Biol. Chem.278(48),48178–48187 (2003).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 141  Elm C, Braathen R, Bergmann S et al.: Ectodomains 3 and 4 of human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (hpIgR) mediate invasion of Streptococcus pneumoniae into the epithelium. J. Biol. Chem.279(8),6296–6304 (2004).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 142  Hammerschmidt S, Tillig MP, Wolff S, Vaerman JP, Chhatwal GS: Species-specific binding of human secretory component to SpsA protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae via a hexapeptide motif. Mol. Microbiol.36(3),726–736 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 143  Luo R, Mann B, Lewis WS et al.: Solution structure of choline binding protein A, the major adhesin of Streptococcus pneumoniae.EMBO J.24(1),34–43 (2005).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 144  Zhang JR, Mostov KE, Lamm ME et al.: The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor translocates pneumococci across human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Cell102(6),827–837 (2000).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 145  Brock SC, McGraw PA, Wright PF, Crowe JE: The human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor facilitates invasion of epithelial cells by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a strain-specific and cell type-specific manner. Infect. Immun.70(9),5091–5095 (2002).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar
• 146  Kaetzel CS. Polymeric Ig receptor: defender of the fort or Trojan horse? Curr. Biol.11(1),R35–R38 (2001).
  Medline CASGoogle Scholar