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Special Focus Issue: On the road to systems biology of host-pathogen interactions - Review

Uncovering the interplay between CD8, CD4 and antibody responses to complex pathogens

    Magdalini Moutaftsi

    † Author for correspondence

    Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA and Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

    ,
    David C Tscharke

    Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA

    ,
    Kerrie Vaughan

    Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla CA, USA

    ,
    David M Koelle

    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    ,
    Lawrence Stern

    Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    ,
    Mauricio Calvo-Calle

    Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    ,
    Francis Ennis

    Center for Infectious Disease & Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    ,
    Masanori Terajima

    Center for Infectious Disease & Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    ,
    Gerd Sutter

    Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Munich, Germany

    ,
    Shane Crotty

    Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla CA, USA

    ,
    Ingo Drexler

    Institute of Virology, Technische Universitat, Munich, Germany

    ,
    Genoveffa Franchini

    Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

    ,
    Jon W Yewdell

    Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA

    ,
    Steven R Head

    DNA Array Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    ,
    Janice Blum

    Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    ,
    Bjoern Peters

    Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla CA, USA

    &
    Alex Sette

    Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla CA, USA

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.09.110

    Vaccinia virus (VACV) was used as the vaccine strain to eradicate smallpox. VACV is still administered to healthcare workers or researchers who are at risk of contracting the virus, and to military personnel. Thus, VACV represents a weapon against outbreaks, both natural (e.g., monkeypox) or man-made (bioterror). This virus is also used as a vector for experimental vaccine development (cancer/infectious disease). As a prototypic poxvirus, VACV is a model system for studying host–pathogen interactions. Until recently, little was known about the targets of host immune responses, which was likely owing to VACVs large genome (>200 open reading frames). However, the last few years have witnessed an explosion of data, and VACV has quickly become a useful model to study adaptive immune responses. This review summarizes and highlights key findings based on identification of VACV antigens targeted by the immune system (CD4, CD8 and antibodies) and the complex interplay between responses.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: ▪ of interest ▪▪ of considerable interest

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